About prostate cancer

1. What is prostate cancer? 

 Prostate male urogenital system of an organ, is located below the bladder, rectum, urethra through which has, such as the size of chestnuts. Increases with age, the prostate gland with hyperplasia, the volume will grow. The prostate gland secretions are males constitute the main component of semen. 

 Are within the prostate gland because of the malignant cell proliferation caused by not only long in the prostate gland, may also be violations of the prostate surrounding the organization, or with the blood, lymphatic metastasis to other parts of the body. Take place most frequently in the general position of the prostate surrounding area, which is closer to that part of the rectum. 

 2. Prostate happened, what are the reasons? 

 Guarding adenocarcinoma occurred for unknown reasons. However, according to research shows that may be, and the following factors: 

 Genetic factors: blood in the person has prostate cancer, prostate cancer was the opportunity to comment on the high than the average person. 

 Hormonal factors: from a young age were castrated or testicular dysplasia do not have to. The vast majority of men have prostate cancer cell surface hormone receptors, loss of androgen stimulation of prostate cancer cells to shrink degradation. 

 Diet and environmental factors: food of saturated fatty acid content is too high, or cadmium in the environment are possible and related to the occurrence of prostate cancer. 

 Infection factors: potential and long-term, chronic bacterial, or virus infection. 

 3. What are the symptoms of prostate cancer? 

 Early symptoms of prostate cancer are not. Violations to the urethra when the prostate cancer, the patients will have urinary frequency, nocturia, urgency, urinary small urethral symptoms such as pain and hematuria, and benign prostatic hyperplasia similar symptoms. When prostate cancer metastasis to bone, such as lumbar spine bone, it will cause low back pain in neuralgia symptoms. 

 4. How can the diagnosis of prostate cancer? 

 First of all, the clinical history, family after inquiry, the most important thing is to do a physical examination DRE. Physicians with gloves, coated with the lubricant containing liquid anesthetic, followed by the index finger anus Add a patient's rectum to check the prostate. Prostate cancer early, when the DRE feels may only be a small lump. 

 Then two other important examination, blood tests for one prostate-specific antigen (PSA), another for transrectal ultrasound. When necessary, can puncture biopsy in order to make further pathological diagnosis. In establishing the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the doctor will arrange a number of checks in order to understand the scope of disease and extent of violations, such as chest X-ray examination, intravenous pyelography (IVP), computed tomography scan (CT-scan), and systemic such as bone scans. When necessary to do laparoscopic pelvic lymph node surgery, remove the lymph node biopsy to do to determine the extent of spread of cancer cells. 

 5. How staging of prostate cancer? 

 Localized prostate cancer according to infringe upon or to the extent of spread is divided into four phases: 

 A period: refers to the early days, there is no spread of cancer, DRE also feel less than Cancer. Patients due to benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery after resection of the prostate, pathological examination revealed that prostate cancer cells have the existence of the organization. 

 Phase B: the absence of the proliferation of cancer, DRE Cancer can touch. 

 C period: refers to prostate cancer have been violated to the prostate gland around the organization. 

 D period: that pelvic cavity have lymph nodes or other organs such as bone, has been the phenomenon of transfer. 

 6. How should the treatment of prostate cancer? 

 For early prostate cancer, if the patient is less than 70 years old, the best treatment are the eradication of prostate surgery. If the patients over 70 years old, then the merger of BPH symptoms can be considered transurethral resection of the prostate, plus the treatment of oral hormone preparations. Early or in part, the proliferation of prostate cancer, radiation therapy can also be used. Metastatic prostate cancer, treatment can be used Hall, or the use of drugs, will have radiation substances, to treat metastatic lesions. 

 7. Conclusion 

 Early prostate cancer, active treatment, the survival rate of prostate cancer patients and not be able to have the same. Prostate cancer patients after treatment, still need regular outpatient follow-up review, oral hormonal drug must be taken for life. Patients must be regularly checked blood prostate specific antigen concentration in order to detect early recurrence of prostate cancer, and the timely adjustment of treatment. At present, due to advances in medical technology and treatment of prostate cancer result is good, patients and medical personnel as long as the cooperation of the disease need not worry.