What are the health measures of brain cancer

Brain cancer patients should establish a positive, optimistic attitude towards life, communicate more with the people around them, adjust their mentality. This belongs brain cancer health measures.

After surgery, brain cancer patients should be proper physical exercise as soon as possible to restore nerve function and normal life. Brain cancer care in the diet should be mainly light, eat more foods rich in protein and various vitamins, mainly eating alkaline foods such as vegetables, fruits, corn, plus turtles, loach acidic foods. Brain cancer The patient can not take lavish meals or acidic fluid, which will help the cancer spread and recurrence.

3, brain cancer patients can not eat food stimulation, such as hot tea, coffee, try not to eat fish without scales. Nutritionally balanced helps postoperative recovery. Various tonics, under the premise of ensuring adequate food nutrition, brain cancer patients may be appropriate to take, but it does not to advocate totally dependent tonic. This is also part of the health measures of brain cancer.

The treatment of brain tumors

The treatment of brain tumors can be divided into surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Surgery
Be surgical resection for primary tumors, as much as possible of the tumor cells removed, to avoid cell proliferation is still the most common mode of treatment. Surgical resection, studies indicate that the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) calibration of cancer cells, it appeared fluorescent, can help enhance the rate of tumor resection, now product Gliolan (medac GmbH) Get approved for sale in Europe. Tumor for the the deeper tumor or can not be removed with traditional open surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma knife, Cyberknife or Novalis Tx radiosurgery) is another surgical choice.
For benign tumors, the higher the probability of using complete surgical resection, the patient's survival rate is also higher, such as the brain or cerebellar stellate cell tumor of the sella craniopharyngioma, Choroid plexus tumors, etc., without radiation or chemotherapy treatment, recurrence probabilities are low, but need regular re-examination of CT or MRI. Failed to surgical total removal of residual benign tumor visualization be observed track, then use chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
For malignant brain tumors in general, such as degenerative astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, intraventricular meningioma, teratoma, complete resection or nearly complete resection, the prognosis is better, but must be coupled with radiation therapy and or chemotherapy, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling tumor growth.
Early onset brain tumor patient survival and tumor type and age of the patient and the physiological function have considerable relevance, these factors will influence patient choice of treatment mode.

Chemotherapy
Cancer chemotherapy has made great progress, but due to the special structure of the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the chemical treatment of brain tumors is still subject to many restrictions, any chemotherapy drugs can only be through the lipid solubility of the drug through the intimal cells , and then into the tumor cells to produce an effect, this mode affects the speed and efficiency of drug action.
Chemotherapy drugs commonly used in clinical nitrosourea alkylating agent BCNU and CCNU, or program with PVC (procarbazine + vincristine + CCNU) have a certain effect, but delayed and cumulative bone marrow suppression and pulmonary toxicity side effects, easy to produce drug resistance.
In the the chemotherapy drug research and development of novel treatment of brain tumors, have made new progress. One is oral medication "Temozolomide", the other is the direct implantation surgery drugs wafer Gliadel (BCNU).
Temozolomide (temozolomide) (schering-plow)
Temozolomide is one having anti-tumor activity, ring containing imidazol-four-triazine (imidazotetrazine) of the alkylating antineoplastic agents. Itself and no activity is a prodrug required under physiological levels PH transformed by the non-enzymatic pathways of the active compound MITC (5 - (3 - methyl-triazene -1 - yl) imidazole-4 - amide), The latter further hydrolyzed into its active metabolites in order to show anti-tumor activity. Theoretically, MTIC the anti-tumor activity is mainly generated by the sixth bit oxygen atom and guanine major role in the alkylation, but also occurs with the seventh bit of the nitrogen atom of guanine secondary additionally alkylation therefore ensuing cell toxicity is considered to be related to the of these abnormalities repair methyl compound.
Temozolomide oral administration, radiation therapy can be used to synchronize adjuvant therapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme tumors or recurrent malignant gliomas, in the course of treatment should be closely monitored during chemotherapy neutrophils as well as the number of platelets, and avoid the side effects of hematologic toxicity.
Gliadel carmustine implant piece (U.S. Baibo Medicine)
U.S. FDA approval in 1996, developed by Guilford, BCNU as the active ingredient, poly phenylpropionate born 20 release matrix made of the implantation of drug-chip Gliadel, applications for the treatment of recurrent malignant brain tumors after surgery, the drug placed directly in recurrent glioblastoma brain tissue, the drugs slow release, continuing chemotherapy. After years of multi-center clinical trials, the FDA in 2003 to increase its therapeutic indications, approved Gliadel used for the treatment of primary malignant brain tumors, According to literature reports, Gliadel may be extended to the middle of the primary and recurrent malignant brain tumor patients survival.
The treatment is unique in its mode of administration and release system. During a surgical procedure, the first in the tumor tissue excised, leaving a small cavity, and then implant such periodic release of the wafer. These chips will be within 2 to 3 weeks and slowly decompose, melt, releasing the drug directly into the tumor area, killing those in the surgical excision of the tumor cells, and can not harm other organizations under the local lesion to achieve effective blood concentration, slow down the progression of the disease.
American Cancer Alliance (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN) pointed out that the latest principles of treatment for a malignant brain tumor. Primary and recurrence in patients with malignant brain tumors can be the surgical removal of the tumor at the same time placed Gliadel (BCNU), postoperative supplemented radiation treatment or Temozolomide chemotherapy medication, it was reported in the literature, this mode of treatment can effectively extend the median survival of patients.

Radiation therapy
The radiation treatment is the use of radiation or γ-rays, high-speed neutron rays on tumor cell kill, referred to as radiotherapy.
The radiation therapy is the most common tumor adjuvant therapy means, generally 1-2 weeks after surgery. Radiation therapy using tumor cells more sensitive to radiation, to kill tumor cells susceptible to radiation damage, general treatment takes about four to eight weeks, depending on different tumor pathological diagnosis, degree of differentiation and imaging results of medical examination and decided irradiation The size and dose. Many malignant and the deep parts benign tumor can not be safely removed, radiation therapy is an effective method. Radiation therapy has to with shaped or positioned the way, including the linear accelerator radiation therapy, Gamma ray radiosurgery photon knife. However, some malignant brain tumors remains to be done to a wide range of brain radiation therapy or full cranial and spinal radiation therapy.
Published in 2008 by the Texas Anderson Cancer Center study noted that patients receiving stereotactic radiosurgery (stereotactic radiosurgery; SRS) and whole brain radiation therapy (whole brain radiation therapy; WBRT) for patients with learning and memory damage greater side effects risk.

Recurrence rate of breast cancer and hormone preparations subcutaneous (goserelin) can be reduced

Breast cancer has become the first women in the top ten cancer, an average of 19 people with breast cancer. Traditional pre-menopausal breast cancer patients will be given after tamoxifen anti-hormone therapy to reduce breast cancer recurrence rate. The latest study found that if the patients without the use of tamoxifen, such as the phenomenon of hot flashes that the poor efficacy of the proposed formulations with subcutaneous hormone (goserelin), in order to increase the rate of breast cancer control, to avoid tumor recurrence. 

 National Cheng Kung University breast surgeon Dr. Tsai-Wang pointed out that in the treatment of breast cancer, the anti-hormone therapy of estrogen receptor-positive is very important in patients with postoperative adjuvant therapy. For pre-menopausal breast cancer patients, the medical community over the years has been the use of tamoxifen as a major anti-hormone therapy drugs, the delay for patients with early breast cancer recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer the opportunity; for advanced disease and metastasis of breast cancer suffering can be achieved to reduce the deterioration of the tumor and alleviate the effects of breast cancer for many years with proven experience in the use of a percent lower mortality rate. 

 Dr. Tsai-Wang pointed out that although the efficacy of tamoxifen has its own, but many patients with a long time because of their hot flashes caused much distress and other side effects, some people even want to stop there. However, according to at American Society of Clinical Oncology December and well-known in the Lancet journal published research has shown that taking tamoxifen have hot flashes phenomenon that drugs be effective, and this has become the treatment of breast cancer important drug reference. 

 Choi Chang-wang said that the medical community understand the indicators, the use of tamoxifen for the poor efficacy of the proposed merger of subcutaneous hormone preparations at the same time (goserelin) use, facilities play a month, allowing dormant ovaries, patients with lower hormone concentration, help control the tumor cells. According to clinical trials confirmed that agents with subcutaneous hormone (goserelin) can reduce the recurrence rate of one percent. The most important thing is, once about two years after the end of treatment, ovarian function can return to normal. 

 Choi Chang-wang said that the breast cancer three years and seven years after the peak period of recurrence of breast cancer, it is proposed to be immediately after the use of anti-hormone therapy to strengthen the control, to avoid the recurrence of breast cancer; At the same time, studies have found that the use of tamoxifen are hot flashes response of the human body is more related enzyme activation, the current medical community has been a key gene can be detected CYD2D6, if the enzyme does not belong to the early activation of those agents with subcutaneous hormone (goserelin), in order to grasp the timing of optimal treatment. 

 In addition, there is thrombosis due to tamoxifen, endometrial thickening, fatty liver, such as side effects, so for endometrial cancer, the risk of thrombosis and abnormal liver function can also use the subcutaneous hormonal agents (goserelin) in lieu of tamoxifen treatment.

Lu liver dawn! New therapies enemy from the inside out

Trojan remember is the history of ancient Greece a famous battle, and now the treatment of liver cancer, there have been similar to the Trojan horse of new technologies. Taipei Veterans General Hospital introduced radiotherapy in vivo, will have millions of radioactive yttrium 90 microspheres directly to the liver itself, from the inside out to release a high radiation dose to kill cancer cells. 

 Taipei Veterans General Hospital last year, the introduction of the "Y-90 microspheres - selective body radiotherapy," admitted a total of 41 liver cancer and other terminal cancer patients with metastasis to the liver, a good therapeutic effect. "This from the inside out of the end of radiotherapy in patients with liver cancer has provided the last chance of survival!" Taipei Veterans General Hospital Department of Radiology, said Dr. Rheun-Chuan Lee, in accordance with the present treatment, in patients with terminal liver cancer is no cure, and the radioactive element yttrium 90 microspheres provide a new hope. 

 However, this new medication therapy alone have to spend more than 40 million, pre-and postoperative examination of the patient have at their own expense, all medical expenses more than 600,000 yuan. 

 Rheun-Chuan Lee pointed out that the radioactive element Yttrium-90 containing microspheres, the diameter is very small, only about one-third of the hair, by the way angiography in the liver, from the groin into the hepatic artery within the liver directly to the microspheres blood vessels inside tumors, and then gradually released within two weeks of high-dose radiation, to kill liver tumors. 

 Rheun-Chuan Lee explained that in addition to Y-90 microspheres, the radiation from all the other outside, the radiation from the in vitro into the human body, therefore, can not be too high dose, not to harm normal tissue, and the microspheres is from the inside out , in addition to high accuracy, the radiation dose is also higher, at around the other two to three times the radiation. 

 Trojan horse as the same way the use of angiography, Y-90 microspheres was sent after the hepatic artery, it will take the initiative to look for cancer cells. Tumor blood vessels as a result of the flow near the larger, 90-yttrium microspheres target, you enter the tumor, emit radiation to kill tumor lines. 

 Rheun-Chuan Lee pointed out that the current accepted treatment of patients with Y-90 are mostly due to the failure of multi-line chemotherapy or other treatment of patients with terminal liver cancer invalid, clinical showed that after two months follow-up found that 41 patients, about tumor shrinkage or five well-controlled. 

 As to whether the Y-90 microspheres in the treatment of other cancers do? The answer is no. Linked to other organs because the blood vessels, so can not use this type of radiation "

Rui-speed knife treatment within 1 mm of error Tatsu

From National Taiwan University Hospital's "spiral knife" Centers in the United States prior to the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital has recently spent nearly billion, the introduction of the "speed sharp knife" radiation therapy instrument. The hospital stressed that the use of the latest radiotherapy equipment, can significantly shorten treatment time, each time for less than two minutes, with the image-guided, so that the treatment of error of up to 1 mm. 

 Taiwan more than 50-year-old Mr. Lin, a few months ago found a right side of his neck grow prominence, biopsy confirmed to be at the end of tongue cancer with right side of his neck lymphoma transfer, required to undergo chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but conventional radiotherapy easily cause severe dry mouth, etc. side effects, so that deter him. Recently, he accepted the "speed sharp knife" radiation therapy, in the precise image-guided, the treatment of error of only 1 mm, doctors operate, they can try to avoid the spinal cord, salivary glands and other vital organs and reduce postoperative side effects such as dry mouth. 

 Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, director of radiation oncology Ji-Hong Hong pointed out that the hospital has treated eight and a head and neck cancer and prostate cancer patients, the effect has been quite good. In line with image-guided technology, the "sharp knife-speed" can be precisely aimed at cancer, compared with conventional radiotherapy, just one tenth of the dose, we can achieve the same effect, and significantly reduce treatment time, the average treatment time Just two minutes.

Supporting therapy to reduce cancer treatment side-effects of three

"When the cancer was declared to be the moment, the patient is faced with the fear of death and pain" at National Taiwan University Hospital Blood Cancer Physicians said Huang Yi, early cancer therapy also does not support such progress now, when many patients Afraid can not stand the side effects or because there is no active treatment, resulting in therapeutic effects than expected, thereby affecting the quality of life after and survival, for a long time off, for patients and their families who is a big burden. 

 Huang Yi cited a targeted survey of cancer patients found that out of hair, limbs and organs, such as incomplete, "the face of change," most patients are not acceptable treatment of side effects, not only affect the body function more enormous psychological impact; because treatment of cancer caused by hair not just limited to hair, including eyebrows and other body parts will be out all the hair, and blood cancer, oral cancer, such as cancer, are more likely to face amputation, jaw resection, such as physical changes, even if found from the gate of hell Back to life, life can take care of themselves, whether or not to return to work are most worried about things patients. 

 In addition, such as nausea and vomiting, pain, loss of appetite and so on, but also is a common cancer treatment side effects, and strong chemical drugs, this may result in patients with decreased immunity, poor bone marrow function, pain and so on. However, when more and more progress in supportive therapy, cancer patients can be a little less painful cancer treatment. 

 "Supporting patients to receive formal methods of cancer treatment," explained Huang Yi "support therapy" meaning, foreign study found that the effect of cancer treatment and survival rates significantly in recent years to enhance and support play a key role in therapy, per cent contribution Twenty. Since antibiotics, analgesic drugs, growth hormone has been used in support of proper therapy, significantly reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, thereby significantly improve patient treatment wishes. 

 Huang Yi said that the cancer patient's pain, if not first lifted, then again they are faced with cancer treatment side effects, such as pain then add on the pain; if the use of supportive therapy to alleviate patients the side effects of cancer treatment, the absolute will improve the follow-up treatment will, however, one to extend the life, the patient will have to wait for a better drug or treatment opportunities. 

 In addition to alleviating physical pain, psychological support therapy have meaning, "patients will be, painting, music or terminal cancer are belong to the hospice ward level to support soul therapy," Huang Yi, for example, patients will experience sharing and support of cancer patients are know illness, an important source of support, and painting and music is a kind of spiritual treatment abroad for years. Patient prognosis and quality of life and productivity, are also included in "effect of cancer treatment," one of the assessment, Huang Yi, said that as long as there is help for patients, "Any good, positive support for therapy, can be encouraged."

From the look of cancer diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer

Lung cancer is difficult to rule, in my clinical experience, experience lung cancer, little can be dragged off, although some people can live, but really not much. 

Lung Cancer What is this? 
Lung cancer, it does what is disease? It is not alveolar carcinoma; it is the trachea and bronchial cancer. Basically, the treatment of cough and governance, similar treatment from the lungs, but the trachea and bronchial administration. 
Lung cancer refers to the primary bronchial cancer, not long blades in the lung; if long in the lung, then was even worse, even breathing could not maintain. SARS reason is because the immune response of alveolar over variable hypertrophy, and so can not in the alveolar air and blood to do the emissions of gas exchange, which is very similar between the two. 

Poor lungs, in the fingers can be seen 
Look at the fingers, finger tip part of the general people are positive or slightly pointed, straight-shaped and can be the end of those fingers look a bit like a spoon, and also known as clubbed fingers. Was the kind of finger-like people in general are not very good lung. 


and persistent cough should pay attention to 
Clubbed fingers apart from outside, persistent cough, cough have been, they have to pay attention, is likely related with lung cancer. 

Anorexia, hemoptysis, chest pain also need to pay attention to 
I have been sick governance were given to me by message, lung cancer may not show a lot of the early symptoms, only long-term cough, cough and sometimes occasionally some blood. In addition to persistent cough, the patients will probably not want to eat, anorexia, in addition to chest pain. 

Found that these symptoms from the above, the majority of people to the hospital is the first X-ray, ultrasound and so on and then through several inspection methods may be able to detect lung cancer, but perhaps not check. Most people feel that they are checked out from the lung cancer death, the Central time is very short, is because it is not easy to find that such discovery was too late. 

Western medicine may rely on inspection of these symptoms, Chinese medicine practitioners using pulse method, can get out of it? 
Pulse is also not so easy to feel the pulse of Chinese medicine is that when the situation has very special feelings before they can come out; in particular, not every Chinese medicine practitioners are trained in the training so well, even by good training, if there was no attention to the words It is also difficult, so diagnosis should not rely solely on the way, Inspection and Wen-up consultation, diagnosis should not also missing. 

Lung cancer, unfortunately, how the event had to do? 
Unfortunately the event had lung cancer, then, from the Chinese medicine point of view, is to use the so-called "syndrome differentiation" method. 

Treatment is to use look-up consultation, Wen-up consultation, diagnosis, cut the attending four clinics Participation Act together, watch patients belong to the card-shaped organs, twelve of which by the organs, meridians, the disease belong to the wind, fire, wet, dry, What kind of cold.

Watch TCM lung disease, not necessarily only from the lung to the discretion of the treatment, and sometimes from the liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney and other organs of allelopathy look at this condition. Such as lung, spleen and kidney with every relationship, because the spleen Dependent Territories, which are considered to be the mother of Kim's lung, pulmonary Yousheng role, when the comparison condition is true, that is, the long-term chronic condition, then from the spleen is likely to rule , referred to as the "virtual meeting while his mother." If the conditions are empirical, it is sturdy phenomenon is likely to be subordinate to water the kidneys, lungs are a subset of gold to governance, referred to as "actually spilled his son." If the lung evil Too heavy, and very likely will have to heart to governance, can be used to exercise restraint because Firelight Gold lung. 

Use different methods to treat different-shaped card. Speed should not rule and can only slowly governance, for instance, only the symptoms of cough, cough can be the kind of syndrome differentiation methods and prescription selection, if the lungs have relatively dry situation, with a Run-side treatment; and lung compared wetting on the use of the dry treatment. 

Nothing has lung cancer prevention methods? 
How to prevent? Know why the Health and Human lung disease causes, it is easy to prevent. Clinical experience and found that: suffering from lung cancer, smoking ethnic group than non-smokers to about ten times and so forth; you say whether or not the relationship with smoking? In addition, miners, metal industry workers, chemical workers and cooks and so on, their chances of lung cancer a little more than others, which have nothing to do with air pollution? Is as far as possible away from the kind of pollution-free environment, if we must enter the pollution of the environment, then, cooks, miners, metal industry, chemical industry workers, are suffering from lung cancer in high-risk groups, have to note that compared well to wear masks to filter out very fine particles as a mask. 

The initial stage, the Chinese medicine treatment of these patients is the use of Treatment Act, the performance conditions are dry, wet, or any other condition; lungs are "dirty Concubine", was too dry, too wet is it taboo. Too dry, it will hurt to the lungs, too wet, it will hurt it. Precisely for this reason, Chinese medicine, said the lung as a "dirty Concubine", also known as "dirty Dunem", as long as too much of it can not adapt. So the lung can only be a regular in a non-dry, do not wet environment. 

Have some food prescriptions, said they could repair the lung, can be found on the Internet on the road, such as the pig, it's a lot of the body can bad things to exclude. Also, the pear is also very good, whether cooked, steamed or raw pear pear, because it can emit smoke or eat smoked after the Prince of human waste and chemicals discharged from the urine, so eat pears to clean. Give it a try whether it is useful and effective the best, if not efficiency, but also will not deteriorate. 

For cancer cells, Chinese medicine is how the look? 
Western medical treatment, are thought to eliminate cancer cells is like, but hard to achieve. Chinese medicine is not the case, Chinese medicine treatment, pay attention to "Treatment", has chills and fever disease actual situation, with a cold temperature treatment, can also be used medicine Oral temperature treatment; fever heat treatment used, of course, is that cool or cold medication for oral administration of drugs. If the patient has used false, then fill method, with a tonic prescriptions; disease if it is spilled on the method used, drug use laxatives.

Chinese medicine practitioners have never had cancer to the term that should not use Western theory to ask how Chinese medicine to kill cancer cells, and the inherent system of Chinese medicine, is the use of "yin and yang, form, years, cold, heat, true, false "dialectic law of diagnosis and treatment, and the meridians and organs of the dialectical concept of diagnosis and treatment of the law, it often has a significant treatment effect.

Lung cancer treatment options

 Early detection of non-small cell lung cancer (the first stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ) in the treatment of surgical resection in order to mainly 

 Non-small cell lung cancer treatment strategy, IIIA period is divided into operable and inoperable, and patients before and after surgery, however, combined with chemotherapy (chemotherapy). 

 Advanced (Stage IIIB-IV) can take a single, double or triple the combined treatment approach, or to Platin (Pt)-based or non-Platin dual (Doublet) combined treatment approach. 

 For non-small cell lung cancer patients, according to ECOG criteria, to determine a patient's Performance status (capacity condition), clinical (or pathology) in phases to help physicians to determine what stage of treatment best suited to. 

  1. Based on ECOG criteria, judge the condition of a patient's capacity to determine the suitability of patients for treatment. To ECOG functional assessment score of 0 or 1 patients should be given aggressive treatment 

 2. Performance status for lung cancer and 2 patients, we must also consider additional questions to determine whether the treatment. 

 3. Performance status and lung cancer patients for 3-4, the only consider supporting the treatment of symptoms or the subject of the treatment (or a new generation of biological agents). 

 4. For patients subjected to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, doctors usually have their clinical experience and research papers based on other people, always hope for the sick is far greater than the benefits paid by patients for the treatment of risk and cost, under the premise to provide patients on the treatment of a more equitable option.

Lung cancer treatment

Lung cancer treatment 

 Lung cancer treatment, as many factors including the type of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer or small cell lung cancer), disease stage and patient's systemic health. Many different combinations of treatment and therapy is used to treat lung cancer. 

 Surgery: The surgery to remove cancer cells. Surgeons as part of lung cancer to determine the type of surgery. Include: 

 Festival-shaped excision, or wedge-shaped excision (Segmental resection or wedge resection): only remove a small portion of the lung. 

 Lobectomy (Lobectomy): removal of an entire lobe. 

 Pneumonectomy (Pneumoectomy): removal of the side of the lungs. 

 Some tumor because of its size or location can not be cut (not line of surgical resection) is. Some patients are due to other medical illnesses and surgery should not. 

 Chemical treatment: anti-cancer drugs are used to kill cancer cells throughout the body on. Even from lung cancer resection, but in other tissues or body near the place or there are cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used to control the growth of cancer cells or alleviate the symptoms. Most of the anti-cancer drugs by intravenous injection, and some through oral; In addition, the implant is a small vein catheters for long-term use of intravenous chemotherapy. 

 Radiation treatment: radiation therapy or radiotherapy is usually said, is to use high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy for treatment of only partial, and therefore affects only this part of the cancer cells. Radiotherapy can be used to shrink the tumor before surgery or after surgery to undermine the treatment zone after treatment of residual cancer cells. Doctors sometimes also combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy as the main treatment modalities to replace surgery. Radiotherapy is also used to relieve the same symptoms such as shortness of breath. 

 The radiation used to treat lung cancer, mostly from the machinery and equipment (external beam radiation); sometimes also be able to implant in a (small container of radioactive substances) direct implantation of tumor or near line therapy (radiotherapy in vivo). 

 Mechanical treatment of light: one is the use of chemicals, injected into the blood and absorbed by cells, these chemicals will rapidly leave the normal cells, but remain in the cancer cells within the longer period of time. Then laser target in cancer, the activation of cancer cells by the absorption of chemicals and kill the cancerous cells. Light mechanical treatment, mainly for use in localized lung cancer. Sometimes also used in some of the more extensive violations of cases caused by other organs due to tumor compression of symptoms when the control is too weak or sick are not suitable to receive other treatment. 

 For clinical trials are evaluating new methods of cancer treatment, many patients with lung cancer will take part in clinical trials were recommended. Some test all the patients have to accept the new treatment, some doctors will test for comparing treatment effects, while allowing patients to accept the new treatment group, a group of traditional (standard) treatment. Through research, doctors learn new, more effective ways to treat cancer. 

 Non-small cell lung cancer treatment 

 Non-small cell lung cancer can have a lot of methods of treatment. Mainly depending on the treatment of choice may be, the extent of disease. This type of lung cancer surgery are the most important method. Cryosurgery is frozen to destroy cancer tissue treatment, can be used for the end of non-small cell lung cancer symptom control. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy can be used to slow the progress of disease and symptom control. 

 Small cell lung cancer treatment 

 Rapid proliferation of small cell lung cancer, in many cases when the disease was diagnosed when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. For the treatment of cancer cells throughout the body, most physicians are using a chemical treatment. Radiotherapy is used to treat the lungs or to transfer to other parts of the tumor (for example: brain). Some patients in the tumor has not yet appeared in the brain when the brain to do radiation therapy, this treatment is called preventive cranial radiation therapy (prophylactic cranial irradiation, PCI.). Surgery only for a small number of small-cell lung cancer patient's treatment plan. 

 Cancer treatment side effects 

 Cancer treatment side effects of treatment method in accordance with different and varies from person to person, doctors and nurses will explain possible side effects of treatment, and recommended several ways to remove these treatment side effects. 

 Lung cancer surgery is a big surgery, lung surgery, air and fluid accumulation in the chest cavity prone. Patients usually need help to stand up, coughing and deep breathing. For the resumption of these activities are very important, because it can help the expansion of the remaining lung tissue and to remove excess air and liquid. Chest pain or arm weakness and shortness of breath are common side effects of lung surgery. Patients may take several weeks or months before they can return to the physical situation. 

 Chemical treatment of normal cells and cancer cells, like the majority of side effects according to different drugs and doses may be given, the more common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth pain and fatigue. 

 Radiation therapy and chemotherapy is similar to normal cells and cancer cells, the main side effects of radiotherapy are treated in accordance with the physical location and therapeutic dose may be. Common side effects of radiotherapy are dry throat pain, dysphagia, fatigue, exposure to skin changes and loss of appetite. Radiotherapy in patients with head and may have headaches, skin changes, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, hair, or have memory and thought processes of the problem, most of the side effects will gradually disappear. 

 At present, the cumulative clinical experience through the study, doctors have been able to control a lot of treatment to alleviate or avoid side effects.

The importance of tracking 

 Tracking of lung cancer after treatment is very important, and regular inspection to make changes in health status was indeed found, and if the cancer recurrence or new cancer cells produce, it can in the fastest time by treatment. The inspections include a physical examination, chest X-ray or laboratory examinations, in the regular follow-up between the patient, lung cancer patients who have health problems if as soon as possible to their physicians know. 

 Provide psychological support 

 With serious illnesses to live together, such as cancer, are a challenge. Except to face the physical and medical challenges facing patients with cancer needs to be much trouble, feeling and concerns of life becomes more difficult. They found that they need help, to face not only the disease itself are also included emotional problem. In fact, paying attention to the patient emotionally and mentally heavy burden of the treatment programs are a part of. These health care groups (such as doctors, nurses and social workers), support groups and patients support groups can help them feel less of a sense of isolation and sadness, anxiety, and improve their quality of life. Cancer support groups provide a safe environment where cancer patients can talk about related to cancer and between them may be similar experiences. Patient may want to and their health care panel discussion about how to take part in support groups of questions. Court-related information may contact the Department of Community Health. 

 Asked about the doctor's questions 

 The majority of cancer patients want to know their own disease and disease-related treatment, so that they will actively participate to decide their own treatment plan. Often they will set out some questions asked about the physician. They are sick will be recorded, if the doctor permits, some patients will be recording the discussion with the Doctor down. Some patients will be invited to family or friends to participate in the discussion, notes, or just help to listen to. 

 The following questions are likely to have sick doctor's question: 

 Diagnosis 

 What tests can diagnose lung cancer? Are you suffering? 

 How long can know the test results? 

 I belong to that are a type of lung cancer? 

 Treatment 

 Recommended the use of what my treatment? 

 For me what kind of cancer clinical trials are appropriate? 

 I need to be hospitalized to receive treatment? How long will it take? 

 In the treatment of my normal activities during the ability to change the number? 

 Side effects 

 What side effects may be me? How often will it disappear? 

 If I was worried about my side effects I should ask? 

 Tracking 

 After treatment, how long I need to go back? I need to track what kind of treatment and care for? 

 Finally, I will be able to resume normal activities? 

 Health Care Group 

 Treatment and rehabilitation of my master, including the Who? They play in the care of what kind of role? 

 In care for patients with lung cancer you have, what kind of experience? 

 Resources 

 Whether in that area have support groups exchangeable experience? 

 What organizations can I get more information about cancer, especially lung cancer?

Examples of advanced liver cancer treatment

Patients with major medical conditions: 

     Liu, male, 5 9-year-old, a worker. 3 years ago in patients with liver conscious pain, fatigue, check liver function: ALT, zinc turbidity are high, albumin 3.5%, globulin 3.7 grams%, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis. Recent exacerbations for alpha-fetoprotein positive Detected by B ultrasound and CT scan diagnosis found that the lower right lobe of liver lesions diagnosed as advanced primary liver cancer. Patient liver pain, intermittent tingling, dark complexion dark, weak body tired, dry mouth would be binding, purple-red tongue without coating, the pulse string Shen. This is the liver and kidney , the fire inside the virtual Chee; governance with Yangyin Rougan, accompanied by stasis of goods, check Fuzheng Xiaozheng Capsule original side addition and subtraction. 

     Treatment modalities: 

     Xiaozheng Fuzheng taking capsules. 

 At the same time, external application of Chinese herbal medicine, medicinal mainly Chinese angelica, safflower, Trigonobalanus, Ezhu, Solanum nigrum, flea break, Notoginseng, Lo vespae, Upper Hill guns. Institute respectively, Autoleveller, when the old mature vinegar plus (moderate) to reconcile, Sticking pain. Application area should be greater than the pain, drugs thickness of 0.5 centimeters, the dressing was changed every 2 day 1 times. 

 The above-mentioned more than 2 0 days after treatment, liver pain significantly reduced, and the spirit of a better, also better looking, but dry mouth interdependence.at a glance. Still used in medicine capsules Xiaozheng Fuzheng original side addition and subtraction. 

     Treatment effect: 

 Xiaozheng Fuzheng taking capsules (including medicine for external application), the condition has always been stable. Zhen Xin satisfied God, his condition gradually improved, medication Shou above, appropriate adjustments, and add Yangwei Shugan of goods, good Subsequently, by the said: "Valley may also prosper." 

 Overall: hepatocellular carcinoma are the king, the disease incidence level and the rate of deterioration is very, more rapid development of advanced liver cancer, but the adoption of advanced primary liver cancer in patients with Chinese medicine treatment, can survive more than 1 year , and its induction has: ① cure for this: the main disease in patients with liver cancer, but the righteous have been true, obviously body fluid, so the Chinese medicine treatment, differentiation to be made, in order to Yangyin Fuzheng-based governance must not only attack cancer; If only attack cancer, neglect footer frail, cancer is likely to deteriorate. ② "All internal and external governance, of the justifications phase one" principle, external application of anti-HCC lesions scattered on the surface, so that the drug permeability through the skin pores to Tatsu, the direct effect on the lesion to reduce the symptoms of cancer attacking evil. ③ Shou-side: the treatment of chronic diseases, we must have attack Shou has not often change in order to receive the reservoir effect. ④ attention to the Wei Qi, treatment of chronic diseases, must pay attention to the Wei Qi. Health because it has the Wei Qi, Wei Qi is no defeat. 

 For patients with early liver cancer at the same time, if traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment, patients would be better in the survival, quality of life will have greater improvement.

Liver cancer treatment

Liver cancer treatments necessary to take into account a patient's liver function, because patients with these two diseases will cause death; another tumor size, number and location can also affect treatment planning. Hepatocellular carcinoma on the effects of chemotherapy well, in fact extremely sensitive to radiation therapy, in theory suitable for radiotherapy, but around the same non-cancerous liver cells are extremely sensitive to radiation, unless the location of the tumor proper, otherwise, easy exposure to the surrounding organization caused by liver failure, it is often only used in the transfer of bone lesions such as the exposure. Currently recognized only surgical resection and liver transplantation are the eradication of treatment, liver cancer is still the first choice of treatment. However, because most patients and has cirrhosis, larger tumor resection often restricted in order to avoid postoperative liver failure. And patients seeking medical treatment should have around 50% more than a liver, and distributed in different sections of liver. Such characteristics of lesions caused by many to finish a knife from a different place will grow a new liver, making surgery after a high incidence. For these reasons, really suitable for surgical resection of the cases are rare. Therefore non-surgical local treatment of an extremely high rate of recurrence of liver cancer treatment is very important. Non-surgical treatment, including partial removal of the local (Local ablation), transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (Transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization, TACE) and so on. Including partial removal of the tumor pure alcohol (PEIT) or acetic acid injection (PAI), burning microwave (Microwave), radio frequency cautery (Radiofrequency), lasers, hot cautery probe (Heater probe) or cold therapy (Cryotherapy) in terms of their common principle for the use of local physical or chemical changes caused by cell necrosis, more will not hurt the other liver function. Application can be transmitted by way of ultrasound-guided percutaneous, CT-guided percutaneous, laparoscopic surgery when puncture or by ultrasound-guided puncture. The most commonly used for tumor ethanol injection. These methods more appropriate to 3-4 cm in diameter tumor, the number should not be too general for use in tumor less than three cases. It should be noted that most side effects of internal bleeding caused by puncture, so the prior determination of a patient's coagulation function, how to avoid the purposes of the volume of ascites in patients. There is still a small number of patients in the treatment of liver function has deteriorated after the emergence of another may also be because the tumor itself is extremely transfers differentiation everywhere a bad liver, has transferred to the needle channels (liver surface or skin) report. 

 Cancer hospital to provide medical digestion with pure ethanol injection (PEIT) or radio frequency cautery (Radiofrequency ablation) to treat patients in the abdominal ultrasound room to implement. Hepatocellular carcinoma with pure ethanol injection (PEIT) is the coagulative necrosis, because of the proliferation of alcohol is limited, so can only be used for small hepatocellular carcinoma. Ethanol injection of liver cancer in the side-effects include: abdominal pain, injection Office have burning sensation, abdominal discomfort, temporary fever, may also be temporary AST / ALT, bilirubin increased, and clotting time prolonged, albumin lower and liver failure. Cancer in the merits of ethanol injection are having surgery, simple, safe, without serious side effects, a small amount of play can be done out-patient clinics do not have to stay home and take a rest. Only disadvantage is the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, the distribution of alcohol in the liver and sometimes unpredictable, treatment must be repeated, for example, twice a week a total of four to six range. 

 Radio frequency cautery (Radiofrequency ablation) the use of coarse needles, in both sides of the thigh after shaving paste electrodes after chip implementation, the use of current flows through the organization have a thermal resistance of tumor cell degeneration. Single Cancer therapy single time a long time, side-effects within the same tumor but pure ethanol injection may be more serious and must be hospitalized for observation. The advantages of radio frequency cautery are having surgery, very few serious side effects, reduce treatment frequency, not only the treatment of primary liver cancer, but also the treatment of secondary liver cancer. Disadvantage are expensive, have vascular tumor next to easily flow away from hot to be a result of residual tumor, tumor location is too easy to work together next to the adjacent organ spread, the use of coarse needles easier to bleeding and may lead to transfer to the next pin way, although when times reusable needles buy the caliber of the next may not be able to apply to health insurance only paid a fixed-diameter needle (LeVeen needle), and since the approval of the use of invasive diagnostic to around one-month time-consuming, so most patients are still choose, at their own expense and paid by insurance companies. 

 Transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (Transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization, TACE) implemented by the radiologist, there are different embolization materials, including soluble, absorbable embolic material and can not be dissolved, will not be absorbed by embolization material. Larger than 250μm embolization material can be stuffed larger hepatic artery, proximal embolization is a kind of objects smaller than 250μm embolization embolization were compared with surrounding structures. Surrounding material to do with embolization TACE, can lead to tumor necrosis, but it also makes a larger non-tumor destruction, resulting in such as liver failure, liver abscess, gallbladder gangrene and other complications. On the other hand, objects to do with proximal embolization TACE, tumor necrosis less completely, but its complications are also less. Does the timing of TACE for the (1) liver cancer patients not suitable for larger or refuse surgery, but its also a good liver function, (2) no major hepatic portal vein tumor thrombus, (3) of the patients have symptoms and have serious movement shunt, (4) rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. TACE of the side effects include: fever, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver failure, acute cholecystitis, bile duct necrosis and acute pancreatitis go far.

-89 Strontium isotope therapy can effectively alleviate the complication of metastatic bone pain of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer in Western countries are leading the incidence of the first. Taiwan's informal survey urologist number of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, the incidence per million population of about 16 people, average age of initial diagnosis of 67.8 years old. Per 100,000 population 40 to 45-year-old incidence of 0.23% over the age to 80 per 100,000 population to 32 percent higher, at 50 years of age the incidence rate of three times the mortality rate, age, the greater the mortality rate more high. Taiwan's Chinese and whites, the age of 50 men over the age of one third to one quarter have already latent prostate cancer. According to the Department of Health statistics, the number of deaths, the number of people die each year from prostate cancer has been increasing trend in the past nineteen years has increased fourfold. According to this increase in the ratio of view, the projection after a few decades Taiwan has at least a thousand people a year die of prostate cancer. 

     The treatment of advanced prostate cancer there is no magic formula, relying on orchiectomy and hormone replacement therapy can improve most of the patient's symptoms, but will eventually be transferred step by step toward the deterioration of one death. The early diagnosis of prostate cancer is therefore essential. 

     Traditional endocrine therapy by surgery or drug therapy alone can reach a few of the effects of castration of male hormones, including: (1) orchiectomy, (2) oral female hormone preparations, and (3) LHRH Analogues three subcutaneous treatment law, its clinical efficacy homogeneous approximation. Orchiectomy under local anesthesia in the implementation of 3-8 hours in the postoperative period can be Su-male serum concentration fell to castration, is the most traditional, fast and effective treatment method. However, patients have been psychologically castrated feelings, thereby affecting the degree of acceptance of this treatment. Although orchiectomy Another advantage of the merger in patients with severe pain of bone metastasis when orchiectomy can achieve rapid pain relief effect. 

     To sum up, in Taiwan, approximately every three to a quarter of the elderly contain latent prostate cancer, perhaps because of the past decade changes in environmental factors and life expectancy results of clinical prostate cancer incidence and in mortality has increased the trend of speed has become the most common male urinary system cancer. For the terminally ill can no cure, only by early diagnosis and early imposed prostate surgery or partial eradication of radiation, isotope control treatment in order to have radical treatment opportunities. 

 [Cancer metastatic bone pain] 

     The domestic top ten causes of death, cancer is still the number one adversary. Cancer of the high incidence of bone metastases, while the male rate of bone metastasis of prostate cancer up to 80%. Metastatic bone cancer patients, about 50-80% have bone pain symptoms, and many are drug treatment of pain difficult. Generally speaking, the more the spread of cancer, the patients on the higher probability of pain. Explore the cancer can be transferred to the bone by two ways. One for the infringement of sponge bone marrow cavity, one for the Hastelloy tube by periosteal bone dense part of violations. However, some 15% of patients did not see the transfer of pain would happen. Bone pain showed only in the non-terminal cancer and may occur at any given time. The reasons for the complexity of cancer pain, treatment methods of diversification, including the use of a variety of analgesic drugs, narcotic analgesics, systemic radiation therapy, and even surgical treatment and behavior therapy have. Its purpose is to make the patients were free of pain of suffering, improve quality of life, to live with dignity; to allow patients in a warm, non-painful circumstances, survive the rest of his life. 

 [How to help cancer metastatic bone pain?] 

     Ways analgesics, including traditional non-steroidal analgesics, narcotic analgesics, in vitro irradiation and radiation isotope control analgesic treatment of pain. The first two have to worry about the toxicity of drugs and addiction. To in vitro irradiation of extreme pain may cause bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal discomfort, side effects such as hair loss. Radioisotope therapy until the last ten years has it begun to expand the use of. Easy to say that the advantages of isotope therapy generally have: 1. Comparison would not hurt the surrounding normal tissue; 2. Targeting specificity, and low toxicity characteristics. In fact the real mechanism of clinical pain is still studying in the medical community. As the radioisotope treatment, want to kill tumor cells is much higher than the required dose of analgesics doses, so the pain of cancer pain are palliative in nature and did not take too high doses. Pharmacy use this pre-treatment, need to be excluded such as nerve root compression, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal lesions and tumor invasion of the possibility of soft tissue pain. Europe, the United States has opened many insurance are paid Strontium -89 therapy, and for a variety of cancer patients with metastatic bone pain giving the drug, hoping to alleviate or eliminate the disease of bone pain.

[Radioisotope strontium -89 brief introduction] 

     Strontium -89 therapy are the main indications for bone metastases of the cancer and bone pain, especially by the hormonal treatment of prostate cancer patients were invalid. The drug in patients with contraindications are the use of this drug before, and if serious bone marrow suppression, or event such as the number of neutrophil and platelet severely reduced, are not recommended to receive this treatment. This agent in the organization penetration distance of about 8-10mm, and the biological half-life of more than 50 days. Analgesic effect is often sustained 3-14 months. 

     Patients before treatment could be given a nuclear medicine bone scan to determine the location and number of bone metastases, patients of conventional blood test should also be noted that white cell count, platelet count or serum PSA concentration after treatment is also in need of regular blood tests every 4-8 weeks once only . -89 Strontium metabolism mainly through the kidney drained by a small number of bile discharged, the drug metabolites will be placed in a stool or urine, so patients after the toilet flush twice as long as many, or the event of any splash urine immediately wipe, you can prevent pollution. Staff must wash their hands after work, contamination of clothing is also required to clean and separate from other clothing. Furthermore Strontium -89 therapy spacing shall be separated for more than 3 months. This drug is a radioactive drug, can only be in hospitals by the nuclear medicine professionals use to give. Drugs in vivo injection first inside, and some patients will complain about aching bones, this is a temporary phenomenon, on behalf of the drug appears to enter the local site of bone metastasis, the role of happened. 

     Taking strontium -89, hematopoietic system will produce a small amount of inhibition, a slight reduction in white blood cells and platelets are predictable. Than the number of platelets before taking this medicine 10 to 40 percent slightly lower, but after a period of time be able to resume. By Strontium -89 discharged by the kidneys, if the seriousness of patients have renal dysfunction, use of this drug should be considered dangerous. 

   Strontium -89 release only pure beta particles, is a rather long half-life of 50.52 days for. Radiation and its only plastic or glass syringes barrier to achieve the effect of health care workers in contact with the patient need not worry about the radiation exposure injury, safety, fewer side effects. 

 [Medical expenses instead of savings] 

     Sr-98 in metastatic bone cancer pain has not yet included in the current domestic health insurance pay for items. However, according to the report of Canada, the use of Sr-89 to treat cancer patients with metastatic bone pain of their total medical costs an average of 16,570 yuan Canadian dollars. Without the use of Sr-89 therapy in patients with total medical costs an average of 23,688 yuan Canadian dollars. An average reduction in total medical costs 7118 yuan Canadian dollars (equivalent to approximately NT 14-160000 yuan on the spectrum), is indeed a big savings in costs. If we try to identify the original, because the use of Sr-98 after treatment relative to substantial reduction of the use of traditional non-steroidal analgesics, narcotic analgesics analgesic agents and in vitro irradiation of the cost. Therefore, the proposed National Health Insurance Bureau Sr-98 as soon as possible the transfer of bone cancer pain included in pay items. Nevertheless, substantial benefit not only required the transfer of bone cancer pain in patients suffering from pain, improve quality of life, and live in dignity. On the other hand can save a lot of medical expenses, control of the National Health Insurance Bureau is currently possible substantial losses. 

 [Looking] 

     Taipei Veterans General Hospital has completed nearly 110 cases of prostate cancer bone pain Strontium -89 therapy in clinical experience. Statistics show that strontium -89 treatment of metastatic bone pain remission rate of 65-70%, foreign experience around nearly 80%. Patients can reduce the pain and greatly enhance their quality of life. Observation shows that a small number of patients only minor rough white blood cell and platelet count decreased, there is no discomfort or other serious complications, one can be said to be very safe and effective treatment of metastatic bone pain. If necessary, patients can be re-treatment once every three months. Is a promotion of nuclear medicine isotope treatment. 

 [Conclusion] 

     Radioisotope Strontium -89 therapy prostate cancer metastasis bone pain, safety, fewer side effects. At present, the Court will continue to actively seek into the National Health Insurance project.

Prostate cancer treatment

To seek a second opinion 

 Treatment decisions are complex. Before the start of treatment, patients may want to seek advice on diagnosis and treatment plan of a second opinion. And short-term treatment of delayed and will not reduce the chance of success. The following are a few seek "second opinion" approach: 

 Your physician may refer you to the expertise of experts in the treatment of prostate cancer, such as a urologist, radiation oncology and medical oncology doctors physicians. 

Cancer Center Cancer Advisory Services. 

 Patients from other nearby hospitals, medical centers or medical will be given the names of these experts. Also available at public libraries or the Internet has made out the names of physicians, expertise and background of the list. 

  Treatment preparation 

 The treatment of prostate cancer according to many factors, including disease stage, tumor grade (cell growth and possible spread to other parts of the speed), the patient's age, general health status and treatment of patients views and the possible side effects. Physicians will be in accordance with these factors set out a treatment plan for patients. 

 Many cancer patients will want to know all about their disease, the selective treatment and possible treatment side-effects which have, so that they can actively participate in medical care decisions. There are many ways for the treatment of male prostate cancer (surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy). Not all patients are required to accept such treatment. Patient and his physician may consider the benefits of each treatment and potential side effects, especially the impact of sexuality and the role of voiding, as well as the other will affect the quality of life issues. Patients and physicians may want to discuss the new treatment to participate in relevant research, such studies called "clinical trials" are designed to improve cancer treatment. 

 When the patient was diagnosed with cancer, shock and stress are natural reactions. These feelings may result in patients not think they want to ask doctors questions. Patients can use the notes or recordings to help them bring a note of physicians said, some patients hope that they will discuss with the doctor can have relatives or friends, together with participation in decision-making, or just want to accompany them to the side to listen to. 

 Patients do not need to first ask or write down all the questions. Questions may arise throughout the course of treatment. Patients may also be asked about the doctors, nurses or other health care team and the future-related questions or provide more information. 

 Patients before receiving treatment doctor may want to asked the following questions: 

 Stage of disease? 

 Level of disease? 

 I need to accept the treatment? What are the treatment options? Do you have any suggestions? Why? 

 Each treatment which has the desired effect? 

 Each treatment and the possible risk of side effects which have? 

 Treatment would affect my sexual life? 

 I may be voiding the problem? 

 Treatment of the number of chances of success? 

 What are the new treatments in clinical trials under way? I have clinical trials for it? 

  Treatment method 

 Many prostate cancer disease progression in patients with a view to early detection are slow and may not need treatment. For older or have other serious medical disease or may not have been recommended for treatment. Of these patients, the possible side-effects and treatment of the risk of treatment may far exceed the benefits; Instead, doctors may recommend "close observation" and close tracking of patients, when symptoms occur again when the treatment. Researchers conducting the study to find out which patients with early prostate cancer treatment to be effective and the time and manner. 

 Prostate cancer treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy or hormonal therapy. Sometimes, patients will receive combined treatment. In addition, doctors are studying other treatment methods to discover whether they can effectively combat the disease.

Surgery 

 Surgical treatment of early prostate cancer are the most common forms of treatment. Surgical resection of the entire prostate, known as radical prostate surgery. Surgery usually have two types of the method is feasible. One is "retropubic prostate surgery," make an incision in the abdomen, from where to remove the prostate and nearby lymph nodes. The other is "the will prostate surgery," are in the scrotum and make an incision between the anus and from there to remove the prostate gland, and nearby lymph nodes are sometimes necessary to do another one in the abdominal incision to remove. If the physician found pathological lymph nodes have cancer cells, may mean that cancer cells have been transferred to other parts of the body of the. 

 The following are the patients before surgery would like to ask the doctor some questions: 

 I will accept what kind of surgery? 

 After surgery I will feel? 

 If there is pain in the case, you can help me? 

 There will be any delayed side effects happen? 

 Radiation Therapy 

 Radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer are another treatment. Radiation therapy (commonly known as electrotherapy), is the use of high-energy radiation damage to cancer cells and inhibit their growth and splitting. The same as surgery, radiation therapy is local treatment, the treatment of the region can only kill cancer cells. Early prostate cancer, radiation therapy can be used to substitute for surgery, or it may be used in patients after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells in the region. For patients with extensive prostate cancer, radiotherapy may be used to alleviate pain or other problems. 

 Radiation may come from the machine (in vitro radiation) or from the implant (a small container containing radioactive material) placed directly in or near the tumor (in vivo radiation). Some patients use a combination of both radiotherapy. 

 In vitro in patients with radiation therapy, takes a day to the hospital for treatment. Usually five days a week, about six weeks. This timing is to the total dose of radiation given separately in order to protect normal tissue. Radiation exposure in the major pelvic region. Throughout the treatment before the end, usually have small pelvic region is the site of primary tumor additional strengthening of the so-called radiation. 

 Acceptable radiation therapy in vivo, when the implants after implantation in vivo, the patient must be hospitalized for several days. Implants may be temporary or permanent. When the temporary implant is removed, the body, there is no radiation. Permanent implant radiation volume has too much to others is not a danger, but patients should pay attention to or during the implantation to be careful to avoid too long intimate contact with others. 

 The following patients are at the beginning of radiation therapy before doctors will be asked some questions: 

 What is the purpose of treatment? 

 Radiation therapy are how to implement? 

 When to start treatment? When The End? 

 During treatment, I will feel? 

 During treatment How do I take care of themselves? 

 How do I know if radiation therapy effective for me? 

 During treatment can continue normal activities? 

 Hormone therapy 

 The principle of hormonal treatment of prostate cancer cells are not required to get it the growth of male hormones. When patients receiving hormone therapy, the amount of male hormones will be reduced. So reduce the amount of hormones can affect all prostate cancer cells, even if they have been transferred to other parts of the body. Therefore, hormone therapy is a systemic treatment. 

 Hormone therapy has a variety of ways. Include: 

 Orchiectomy: the testicles are removed in order to get rid of the major manufacturing source of male hormones. 

 Lutein to promote hormone (LHRH): are used to prevent testicular testosterone manufacture. 

 Estrogen: A female hormone, used to inhibit testicular testosterone manufacture. 

 Anti-androgen preparations: in the orchiectomy or luteinizing hormone or the promotion of estrogen treatment, the body can no longer be testosterone from the testicles. However, the adrenal glands still produce small amounts of male hormones. Sometimes, patients also eat anti-androgen agents, which should be blocking any residual effect of male hormones. By this combined treatment to achieve complete androgen blockade. 

 Transferred to other parts of the body of prostate cancer can usually be controlled with hormone therapy for some time, usually several years. However, the majority of prostate cancer cells can ultimately necessary evolution to only a small amount of or no male hormones will be able to grow. At this time, hormone therapy is no longer effective, and doctors will recommend a number of studies in other treatment methods. 

 Clinical trials 

 There are many prostate cancer patients participate in clinical trials. Physicians to conduct clinical trials by the discovery of new treatment methods are safe and effective. In some clinical trials, all patients received the new treatment methods. In other trials may in some patients receiving the new therapy, some people accept the standard therapy, physicians can use this method to compare the efficacy of therapy. 

 Patients involved in clinical trials are the medical has a great contribution, but also the first to receive improved treatment, which benefits the person received. 

 Many of the new treatment of prostate cancer clinical trials are still ongoing. For example: physicians are relatively early stage prostate cancer patient to receive treatment with the only difference between careful observation. The results of this study will help physicians understand the patients with early prostate cancer should be treated immediately or wait until the onset of symptoms until the beginning of treatment. 

 Physicians with ongoing radiation therapy and hormonal therapy to use a new study. Some physicians are also under study cryosurgery, and is based on a very low temperature to kill the cancerous cells, which are in addition to surgery and radiation therapy in addition to a method of treatment. Cryosurgery are using a low temperature probe placed in the apparatus Cancer frozen up it, to avoid the healthy tissue nearby. 

 Researchers are also looking at does not respond to hormone therapy or has ceased to react to chemotherapy in patients with prostate cancer and the therapeutic effect of biological agents. In addition, scientists are also looking for the combined therapy of a variety of new treatment modalities. Relating to clinical trials of prostate cancer-related information may contact Cancer Center.

Treatment side effects 

 Although physicians are well prepared and careful treatment plan, but usually it is difficult to the role of treatment is confined to remove or destroy cancer cells. Treatment because it will also upset the healthy cells and tissues, it often cause uncomfortable side effects. 

 The main side effects of cancer treatment, as treatment methods and scope of, and response of each patient are also different. Medical and nursing staff will explain the treatment of side effects that may occur at the same time help reduce the treatment period or after treatment of the symptoms may occur. Any side effects happen when doctors know is very important. 

 Surgical Treatment: Although the patients in a few days after surgery are usually very uncomfortable, but their pain can be controlled with drugs. Patients should be very comfortable and the physician or nursing staff to discuss how to reduce the pain. After the operation for some time feel tired or weak is also very common. Recovery time for each patient in accordance with accepted surgical methods vary. 

 Surgery to remove the prostate may lead to permanent impotence and sometimes cause urinary incontinence. These side effects happen less now. Some surgeons will use a new surgical approach, especially to remove small tumors. This technology is called nerve dissection, may be able to control and prevention of permanent nerve injury erectile and injury to the bladder to the opening. When the surgery is very successful, impotence and incontinence is temporary. However, the acceptance of prostate surgery patients will no longer manufacture of semen, so they do have a climax. 

 Radiation therapy: patients receiving radiation therapy may become very tired, especially in the weeks after treatment. Rest is important, but doctors also advise patients usually try to keep the load can take part in physical activities. May occur in patients with diarrhea or urinary frequency and voiding discomfort. In addition, when patients receiving radiation therapy in vitro, the region in the treatment of skin red, dry, tenderness and itching. Radiation therapy can also lead to pelvic region hair. This may be temporary or permanent, depending on the dose of radiation may be. 

 Radiation therapy can cause a number of male impotence. In vitro impotence caused by radiation therapy than the probability of radiation therapy in vivo high, due to radiation therapy than the body will not hurt to the control of erectile nerves. 

 Hormone therapy: orchiectomy, luteinizing hormone to promote (LHRH) and estrogen will cause some side effects, such as reduced libido, impotence and hot flashes and so on. The beginning of the use of luteinizing hormone early promotion will promote tumor growth, exacerbate the symptoms of patients. This temporary problem is called "Tumor Flare". However, the drug will be gradually let the blood concentration of testosterone decline. Do not have enough testosterone, tumor growth will be slowed and the patient's situation will improve. Prostate cancer patients receiving estrogen or anti-androgen treatment may cause nausea, vomiting or breast swelling and tenderness. (Estrogen is now being used less because it will increase the patient's heart problem. This therapy for patients with a history of heart disease are not suitable). 

 Chemical treatment: Chemical treatment of patients with major side effects is acceptable according to the type and dose of drugs to another. Cancer Center issued "going chemotherapy haze" provides a cancer chemotherapy and in response to side effects related to the message. 

 Biological agents therapy: side effects of therapy of biological agents, as the different types of treatment vary. These treatments may cause flu-type symptoms such as chills, fever, myalgia, weakness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Patients sometimes rash, easy bruising or bleeding. These questions may be very serious, but they will gradually disappear after cessation of treatment, sometimes in the treatment of patients must remain in hospital. 

 Nutrition for cancer patients 

 Some cancer patients feel during treatment difficult to eat well, they may lose their appetite. In addition, treatment of common side effects such as nausea, vomiting or oral inflammation will make things more difficult to import. For some patients to eat when the food tastes also change. In addition, when feel uncomfortable or tired, they do not eat anything. Eating well can be express enough calories and protein to help prevent weight loss and restoration of physical strength. During treatment in cancer patients are usually eating well will feel better and have more stamina. In addition they may have more ability to control the side effects during treatment. 

 Physicians, nurses and dietitians can offer cancer treatment during the recommended healthy diet. Information patients and families can contact the hospital dietitian.

The importance of tracking 

 Any prostate cancer after treatment of patients with regular follow-up examinations are very important. Physicians will recommend appropriate follow-up plan. Physicians will be the arrangements for patients to do regular checks to determine whether the disease has relapsed or deteriorating condition, and decide whether or not to make other checks need to be explored further. Follow-up examinations may include X-ray, bone scan and laboratory tests such as PSA blood test. 

 Supporting Cancer Patients 

 And the coexistence of serious diseases are not easy. Cancer patients and their caregivers will also be faced with many difficulties and challenges, when people have the benefit of information and support services, often in response to these difficulties would be more easier. 

 Friends and relatives can be a lot of support, the same way, and other people who have cancer to discuss their matters of concern, but also can help many patients. Cancer patients can often take in supporting the team together, to share experience and adaptation of cancer treatment, however, very important to remember that every patient is different, even in the same two cancer patients suffering from inter - , cancer treatment and the way these individuals deal with effectively, it may not be suitable for another person. In addition to the recommendations made by friends and relatives used to discuss with the doctor is good. 

 Cancer patients might be worried about how to keep their jobs, take care of the family, to maintain the pace of daily life or create new interpersonal relationships. Concerned about the cancer will go the examination, treatment, hospitalization and medical costs. Physicians, nurses and other health care team members can answer some regarding treatment, job or other activities. In addition, patients can also be about their feelings, concerns, or the future of the questions related to personal relationships, and social workers, counselors, or religious discussions are useful. 

 Patients and other partners concerned about prostate cancer treatment on sexual life, as well as the impact is very natural. And physicians who may wish to discuss possible side effects and these side effects may be temporary or permanent. During treatment or after treatment, the patient and his partner if we can share each other's concerns, and to help another with the expression of his love, it will be helpful to them. 

 Typically, in a hospital or clinic can provide a number of social workers can help rehabilitation, emotional support, economic assistance, transportation or home care groups. Related information, please contact the Department of our hospital social workers. 

 Future Prospects 

 Researchers are looking for better ways to treat prostate cancer and to improve opportunities. However, patients and their families concerned about their future is very natural. Sometimes patients will use some statistical values go outlines recovery chances. However, the need to bear in mind is that these statistics can not predict the future patients, because patients are different, treatment and results may also have significant differences. Most physicians understand patients, so the discussion is the prognosis of patients with the most suitable candidates, patients and physicians should be comfortable to discuss their prognosis, but they must be remembered that even the doctors can not predict all patients will have what kind of future . 

 Doctors often talk about the survival rate of cancer when patients often will tell the outcome of remission are not cured, because even though there are many patients suffering from prostate cancer has been completely cured, the disease still may be in a few years after the relapse. 

 Prospects for prostate cancer research 

 In 1997, prostate happened the total number of cases of cancer occurred in the 2.56 percent the number of cases, prostate cancer deaths among all deaths of 1.66%; the incidence of the ranking of sixth place in the male , the mortality rate ranked ninth in the men. In the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer total of 1096 people, representing the number of cases of genital male 90.21%, died of prostate cancer a total of 463 person. Therefore, researchers in many ongoing research, would like to know more causes of prostate cancer and early detection methods.