Brain cancer relative research

American scientists recently surprised to find by experiment, the change has been genetically engineered common cold virus can actually slipped into the rat brain cancer cells and not the surgical treatment of brain cancer kill. This scientific discovery shocked the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. scientists said that as soon as possible to anticancer method for the treatment of brain cancer patients. To participate in this experiment the researchers said that they had never seen the animal experiments can produce such a shock effect. If this anti-cancer eventually be able to play a role in the human body, then this will be the first one to cure malignant glial brain tumors. 1.8 million people have been diagnosed with brain cancer in the United States each year, of which 1.3 million people will die soon because of the lack of effective treatment, and about half of these deaths were suffering from malignant glial brain tumors. Patients suffering from brain cancer typically survive for only one year. Researchers of a common cold virus called adenovirus genetically modified, its weakening to the extent that does not affect healthy cells, and then give it to the placement of the "key" of a cancer cell door can be opened. Researchers such a genetically modified virus injected into the rat brain marked malignant glial brain tumor cells, resulting in a 60% cure rate, these cured mice survived for 140 days. After that, researchers will remove its brain no longer brain cancer. The researchers said that in the past, the mice injected with human brain cancer cells usually die within 20 days. Has been adopted The adenovirus is because the virus is very easy to infect human cells. Explain why this transgenic virus reached only 60% cure rate, the researchers said there are two possibilities, first, because the human brain cancer cells in the brains of some mice blooms reach cancer cells The growth rate is faster than the virus replication rate the extent there is a possibility that the virus has not been effectively injected into some mice brain. U.S. scientists say they will as soon as possible in cooperation with the Spanish scientists, to jointly develop an anti-brain cancer drug to human trials. The scientists also said that due to the development of human cancer cells in vivo follow a more complex process, so the treatment of cancer patients than the treatment of mice have been injected with human brain cancer cells to be difficult, but their studies have been fully taken into account these factors. So far, scientists have been injected with human brain cancer cells in mice through a variety of therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, a recent study out of new chemotherapy, although can slightly extend the survival time, but eventually died. However, with this new method, the researchers found the therapy one can be called a cure.

Lung cancer is the number one American died from cancer

Recently, scientists in the United States for lung adenocarcinoma gene mutation study found that, in this most common form of lung cancer in 26 genes have often mutate. The study results were published in the October 23 "Nature" (Nature) magazine. 

In the United States, lung cancer is the number one fatal cancer. This discovery will facilitate the development of lung cancer diagnosis and individualized treatment of the individual implementation. 

Early detection, early diagnosis 

Each year, all over the world has around one million people will be killed by lung cancer, including 150,000 people of the United States. The most common type of lung cancer are lung adenocarcinoma. In the diagnosis of lung cancer after an average of only 15% of patients can survive more than five years, the earlier found that the earlier the diagnosis, the longest period of its existence. 

The Cancer Sequencing Project (TSP) are from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)-funded researchers from the United States a number of research centers, including two from Germany. TSP is committed to cancer are more than DNA or genetic blueprint drawn in Group One. 

NHGRI's Acting Director of AlanEGuttmacher doctor pointed out that the study of lung cancer through genome analysis, verified by the diversity of molecular biology of lung cancer. The results of this study will help to carry out a clear direction for future research and help develop new treatment strategies to overcome this common lethal disease. Lung adenocarcinoma is a lethal type of lung cancer, previously has been found that some genes associated with lung cancer, but the TSP study found that many of the number of related genes doubled. 

The study found that in addition to gene mutation, but also found to be involved in lung adenocarcinoma happened signaling pathways of gene regulation, and different subgroups of patients with lung cancer between the genetic differences were analyzed, such as smokers and never smokers, the difference between . 

Look for differences, to find the law 

The majority of cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma happen, because people are with age, DNA mutation caused by, but how DNA mutations lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation does happen, people involved in one of also know little about the biological behavior. 

The study's lead author, Harvard Medical School MatthewMeyerson the doctor pointed out that the study found that from the genetic point of view, different individuals of lung adenocarcinoma differences are very great. Dr. Meyerson explained that through this study found that many new therapeutic targets, both cancer-causing gene (the promotion of tumor gene), and also has tumor-suppressor gene (prevention of tumor gene) of the. 

TSP researchers from 188 cases of patients with lung adenocarcinoma tumor tissue donation extracted DNA, and patients with non-tumor DNA were compared. Will be sequenced after DNA purification, has been suspected to be connected with 623 tumor-related genes were analyzed to detect whether there are mutations.

The results showed that patients with lung cancer in these samples, 26 have occurred in gene mutation, patients with non-tumor samples, compared with significant differences. Before that, scientists have only found less than 12 genes related to lung adenocarcinoma. The following are some of the new gene found in lung adenocarcinoma: 

1. Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene. The gene mutation can lead to a very rare occurrence of genetic diseases - type 1 neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis1), the performance of the nervous system for the uncontrolled growth of organizations. 

2. Ataxia telangiectasia mutation gene (Ataxia TelangiectasiaMutatedGene, ATM gene). This gene with a variety of leukemia and lymphoma related to children with rare diseases of the nervous system - Ataxia telangiectasia-related. 

3. Retinoblastoma 1 gene (RB1). This gene and retinoblastoma happen, and retinoblastoma in children are a relatively rare occurrence in the eyes of retinal cancer. 

4. Colon neoplasia (adenomatous polyposis coli, APC) gene. The gene mutations associated with colon cancer. 

5.Ephrin receptor A3 and A5 (EPHA3 and EPHA5), neurotrophin receptors (NTRK1 and NTRK3) and other tyrosine irritable? Dependent receptor (ERBB4, KDR and FGFR4). These genes can control tyrosine irritable? The cell receptor, tyrosine irritable? In cell growth, differentiation and death plays a crucial role, but also many new tumor are the main target for therapeutic drugs.

Found after these genetic variations, TSP researchers next will study the genetic variability of the biological pathway, which may be the occurrence of lung cancer is very important. These studies will help to improve the treatment of tumor. 

 Search incentives, seek treatment 

 TSP group found very scientific value, to cite an example, in the study of 188 tumor samples, has 2 / 3 more than at least one control mitogen-activated protein kinase? (MAPK) pathway gene mutation, This indicates that, MAPK happen in lung cancer may play a very important role. This finding suggests that MAPK pathway can be targeted to develop new cancer drugs. Has a class of similar drugs - MEK inhibitors, has been the treatment of colon cancer in mice has demonstrated a hope. 

 TSP team also found that more than 30% of the tumor-control target of rapamycin, mTOR (mammalian targetofrapamycin, mTOR) pathway gene mutation occurred. This means that, for the treatment of organ transplants and renal cell carcinoma rapamycin may have potential in lung cancer treatment. 

 In addition, there are very many of the study findings. For instance, the researchers found that currently used for the treatment of other tumor chemotherapy drugs may be effective for certain types of lung cancer. This is because the lung cancer and other tumor has the role of some common genes. 

 TSP team also analyzed different subsets of patients with lung adenocarcinoma of the genetic differences between groups. Have a comparative one of the smokers and the difference between never-smokers. Found. Has around 10% of the private prosecution of patients with lung cancer have never smoked. Study found that DNA samples from smokers than never smokers have more DNA samples of the mutant gene occurred. Some smokers have up to the tumor in 49 mutation, and never-smokers have no more than five mutations. This difference in treatment for lung cancer what is the significance, but also need more research to clarify. Cancer in other studies carried out indicate that mutations in more tumor will be more rapid progress and treatment will be more difficult. 

 One of the author, Washington University School of Medicine RichardK.Wilson the doctor pointed out that the findings of the study highlights the systematic, large-scale tumor the importance of genome research, and now, it is necessary to use this method in a large number of samples research, but also should be extended to more types of tumor studies go. Which only opened a tumor are the mystery of the iceberg, there are very many unknowns required to study, to be discovered.

The latest study found that American scientists: a mechanism for smoking-induced lung cancer

Lung cancer is the world's most common form of cancer, patients diagnosed each year up to 1,300,000. A lot of studies have shown that between smoking and lung cancer are closely linked, but the specific mechanism has not been clarified. American scientists recently discovered that a particular protein content would lead to the reduction of DNA damage, thereby triggering lung cancer. The discovery may help scientists in the future to improve the treatment of lung cancer. Related papers online May 13 published in the "British Journal of Cancer" (British Journal of Cancer) on. 

    

     Leaders of the study are the United States, Oregon Health & Science University (Oregon Health & Science University) Cancer Institute Laura Hays. This particular protein, called FANCD2, it is in the protein family with hereditary Fanconi anemia (Fanconi anemia), and with this person anemia low protein content of the family, more time in the young of cancer. 

    

     Researchers in the lab has created an artificial trachea to the lungs of smokers simulated environment, as studied in tobacco cells the effects of different proteins. The results showed that, when the lung cells when exposed to cigarettes, FANCD2 manufacturing speed will be slowing down, leading to lower its content. And the role of FANCD2 is through DNA damage or promote repair defective cells to commit suicide to prevent cancer, so the low levels of FANCD2 lead to DNA damage, thereby triggering cancer. 

     Hays said, "This discovery shows that FANCD2 in protecting lung cells against cigarette invasion play an important role, but also may explain why cigarettes so harmful to lung cells." 

     Thesis advanced authors, the United States Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Grover Bagby said: "This study shows that FANCD2 is an important cancer resistance protein, which would undermine its cigarette manufacturing process. Although there may also contain other proteins , but we know that FANCD2 is a critical one, because a very high standard FANCD2 contains cells able to resist the poisoning effect of cigarettes. " 

     Institute of Cancer Research UK's Lesley Walker said: "This research increases our understanding of the reasons for smoking lethal understanding. Smoking causes cancer is currently the single biggest preventable causes of 10 cases of lung cancer in 9 cases have been pumping caused by tobacco. But the good news is that the effect of smoking cessation - quit smoking 5 years later, the risk of heart attack will be reduced to half of smokers, 10 years later, the same risk of lung cancer would be halved. "

Urine testing can be uncovered malignant prostate cancer

University of Michigan researchers found that urine samples through the inspection, can be uncovered malignant, highly aggressive prostate cancer, looking forward to let the disease is not so serious in patients with prostate cancer suffer less points. The study is published in "Nature" (Nature) journals. 

 In Taiwan, men accounted for malignant prostate cancer ranking fifth in the urinary tract malignancies, the first prostate cancer are on. Prostate cancer patients, some patients with particular ferocity, tumor grade is also relatively high. The medical community has been hoping to find a method of early identification. 

 Some prostate tumors grow slowly, and patients often end up not die of cancer, but death due to other diseases. But some prostate tumors are also fierce and fast growing, these patients need treatment immediately. But the medical staff it is difficult to differentiate the difference between two types of tumors, so let some prostate cancer patients unnecessary surgery or chemotherapy treatment, patients often suffer. 

 The researchers found that, when the physical face of aggressive prostate cancer, the body will produce a small molecule called the "glue acid methyl Gan" (Sarcosine), the future of plastic acid methyl Gambari may be able to become a tumor marker, to allow medical staff more accurately grasp the condition. However, the U.S. admitted the University of Michigan researchers, the study is still an early stage, if there is a clear outcome to wait at least 5 years. 

 Researchers at the pathological examination of 262 samples, these samples are from organizations, blood or urine samples containing 1126 kinds of molecules. The researchers point out that when patients with a more malignant form of cancer, the samples can be found about 10 kinds of molecules, metabolites. One metabolite is plastic acid methyl Gan. Researchers have discovered that malignant tumors, cancer proliferation in patients with urine, tissue glue acid methyl Gambari has increased the trend. The study pointed out that plastic acid methyl Gambari may help cancer proliferation, the future of R & D of new drugs when the gel acid methyl Gambari might be classified as a potential therapeutic target.

-89 Strontium isotope therapy can effectively alleviate the complication of metastatic bone pain of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer in Western countries are leading the incidence of the first. Taiwan's informal survey urologist number of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, the incidence per million population of about 16 people, average age of initial diagnosis of 67.8 years old. Per 100,000 population 40 to 45-year-old incidence of 0.23% over the age to 80 per 100,000 population to 32 percent higher, at 50 years of age the incidence rate of three times the mortality rate, age, the greater the mortality rate more high. Taiwan's Chinese and whites, the age of 50 men over the age of one third to one quarter have already latent prostate cancer. According to the Department of Health statistics, the number of deaths, the number of people die each year from prostate cancer has been increasing trend in the past nineteen years has increased fourfold. According to this increase in the ratio of view, the projection after a few decades Taiwan has at least a thousand people a year die of prostate cancer. 

     The treatment of advanced prostate cancer there is no magic formula, relying on orchiectomy and hormone replacement therapy can improve most of the patient's symptoms, but will eventually be transferred step by step toward the deterioration of one death. The early diagnosis of prostate cancer is therefore essential. 

     Traditional endocrine therapy by surgery or drug therapy alone can reach a few of the effects of castration of male hormones, including: (1) orchiectomy, (2) oral female hormone preparations, and (3) LHRH Analogues three subcutaneous treatment law, its clinical efficacy homogeneous approximation. Orchiectomy under local anesthesia in the implementation of 3-8 hours in the postoperative period can be Su-male serum concentration fell to castration, is the most traditional, fast and effective treatment method. However, patients have been psychologically castrated feelings, thereby affecting the degree of acceptance of this treatment. Although orchiectomy Another advantage of the merger in patients with severe pain of bone metastasis when orchiectomy can achieve rapid pain relief effect. 

     To sum up, in Taiwan, approximately every three to a quarter of the elderly contain latent prostate cancer, perhaps because of the past decade changes in environmental factors and life expectancy results of clinical prostate cancer incidence and in mortality has increased the trend of speed has become the most common male urinary system cancer. For the terminally ill can no cure, only by early diagnosis and early imposed prostate surgery or partial eradication of radiation, isotope control treatment in order to have radical treatment opportunities. 

 [Cancer metastatic bone pain] 

     The domestic top ten causes of death, cancer is still the number one adversary. Cancer of the high incidence of bone metastases, while the male rate of bone metastasis of prostate cancer up to 80%. Metastatic bone cancer patients, about 50-80% have bone pain symptoms, and many are drug treatment of pain difficult. Generally speaking, the more the spread of cancer, the patients on the higher probability of pain. Explore the cancer can be transferred to the bone by two ways. One for the infringement of sponge bone marrow cavity, one for the Hastelloy tube by periosteal bone dense part of violations. However, some 15% of patients did not see the transfer of pain would happen. Bone pain showed only in the non-terminal cancer and may occur at any given time. The reasons for the complexity of cancer pain, treatment methods of diversification, including the use of a variety of analgesic drugs, narcotic analgesics, systemic radiation therapy, and even surgical treatment and behavior therapy have. Its purpose is to make the patients were free of pain of suffering, improve quality of life, to live with dignity; to allow patients in a warm, non-painful circumstances, survive the rest of his life. 

 [How to help cancer metastatic bone pain?] 

     Ways analgesics, including traditional non-steroidal analgesics, narcotic analgesics, in vitro irradiation and radiation isotope control analgesic treatment of pain. The first two have to worry about the toxicity of drugs and addiction. To in vitro irradiation of extreme pain may cause bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal discomfort, side effects such as hair loss. Radioisotope therapy until the last ten years has it begun to expand the use of. Easy to say that the advantages of isotope therapy generally have: 1. Comparison would not hurt the surrounding normal tissue; 2. Targeting specificity, and low toxicity characteristics. In fact the real mechanism of clinical pain is still studying in the medical community. As the radioisotope treatment, want to kill tumor cells is much higher than the required dose of analgesics doses, so the pain of cancer pain are palliative in nature and did not take too high doses. Pharmacy use this pre-treatment, need to be excluded such as nerve root compression, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal lesions and tumor invasion of the possibility of soft tissue pain. Europe, the United States has opened many insurance are paid Strontium -89 therapy, and for a variety of cancer patients with metastatic bone pain giving the drug, hoping to alleviate or eliminate the disease of bone pain.

[Radioisotope strontium -89 brief introduction] 

     Strontium -89 therapy are the main indications for bone metastases of the cancer and bone pain, especially by the hormonal treatment of prostate cancer patients were invalid. The drug in patients with contraindications are the use of this drug before, and if serious bone marrow suppression, or event such as the number of neutrophil and platelet severely reduced, are not recommended to receive this treatment. This agent in the organization penetration distance of about 8-10mm, and the biological half-life of more than 50 days. Analgesic effect is often sustained 3-14 months. 

     Patients before treatment could be given a nuclear medicine bone scan to determine the location and number of bone metastases, patients of conventional blood test should also be noted that white cell count, platelet count or serum PSA concentration after treatment is also in need of regular blood tests every 4-8 weeks once only . -89 Strontium metabolism mainly through the kidney drained by a small number of bile discharged, the drug metabolites will be placed in a stool or urine, so patients after the toilet flush twice as long as many, or the event of any splash urine immediately wipe, you can prevent pollution. Staff must wash their hands after work, contamination of clothing is also required to clean and separate from other clothing. Furthermore Strontium -89 therapy spacing shall be separated for more than 3 months. This drug is a radioactive drug, can only be in hospitals by the nuclear medicine professionals use to give. Drugs in vivo injection first inside, and some patients will complain about aching bones, this is a temporary phenomenon, on behalf of the drug appears to enter the local site of bone metastasis, the role of happened. 

     Taking strontium -89, hematopoietic system will produce a small amount of inhibition, a slight reduction in white blood cells and platelets are predictable. Than the number of platelets before taking this medicine 10 to 40 percent slightly lower, but after a period of time be able to resume. By Strontium -89 discharged by the kidneys, if the seriousness of patients have renal dysfunction, use of this drug should be considered dangerous. 

   Strontium -89 release only pure beta particles, is a rather long half-life of 50.52 days for. Radiation and its only plastic or glass syringes barrier to achieve the effect of health care workers in contact with the patient need not worry about the radiation exposure injury, safety, fewer side effects. 

 [Medical expenses instead of savings] 

     Sr-98 in metastatic bone cancer pain has not yet included in the current domestic health insurance pay for items. However, according to the report of Canada, the use of Sr-89 to treat cancer patients with metastatic bone pain of their total medical costs an average of 16,570 yuan Canadian dollars. Without the use of Sr-89 therapy in patients with total medical costs an average of 23,688 yuan Canadian dollars. An average reduction in total medical costs 7118 yuan Canadian dollars (equivalent to approximately NT 14-160000 yuan on the spectrum), is indeed a big savings in costs. If we try to identify the original, because the use of Sr-98 after treatment relative to substantial reduction of the use of traditional non-steroidal analgesics, narcotic analgesics analgesic agents and in vitro irradiation of the cost. Therefore, the proposed National Health Insurance Bureau Sr-98 as soon as possible the transfer of bone cancer pain included in pay items. Nevertheless, substantial benefit not only required the transfer of bone cancer pain in patients suffering from pain, improve quality of life, and live in dignity. On the other hand can save a lot of medical expenses, control of the National Health Insurance Bureau is currently possible substantial losses. 

 [Looking] 

     Taipei Veterans General Hospital has completed nearly 110 cases of prostate cancer bone pain Strontium -89 therapy in clinical experience. Statistics show that strontium -89 treatment of metastatic bone pain remission rate of 65-70%, foreign experience around nearly 80%. Patients can reduce the pain and greatly enhance their quality of life. Observation shows that a small number of patients only minor rough white blood cell and platelet count decreased, there is no discomfort or other serious complications, one can be said to be very safe and effective treatment of metastatic bone pain. If necessary, patients can be re-treatment once every three months. Is a promotion of nuclear medicine isotope treatment. 

 [Conclusion] 

     Radioisotope Strontium -89 therapy prostate cancer metastasis bone pain, safety, fewer side effects. At present, the Court will continue to actively seek into the National Health Insurance project.

Supportive therapy to reduce cancer treatment side-effects of thirty percent

"When the cancer was declared to be the moment, the patient is facing the fear of death and pain" at National Taiwan University Hospital blood oncology physician, said Huang Yi, early cancer therapy also does not now support such progress, many patients for fear of side effects or can not stand, there is no active treatment, resulting in therapeutic effects than expected, thereby affecting the quality of life after and survival, for a long time down for patients and their families who is a big burden. 

Huang Yi, cited a targeted survey of cancer patients found that out hair, limb and organ defects, such as "the face of change" is the most ill patients can not accept the treatment of side effects, not only affect the body function more enormous psychological impact; because the treatment of cancer caused by hair not just limited to hair, including eyebrows and other body parts will be out all the hair, and blood cancer, oral cancer and other cancers, are more likely to face amputation, jaw removed, such as physical changes, even if seized from the gate of hell Back to life, life can take care of themselves, whether or not to return to work are ill worst fears. 

In addition, such as nausea and vomiting, pain, loss of appetite, etc., but also is a common cancer treatment side effects, and strong chemical drugs, this may result in a patient's immune system decline in function of bone marrow depression, pain and so on. However, when support for an increasingly advanced therapies, cancer patients can be a little less painful cancer treatment. 

"Support the treatment of cancer patients to receive formal way," Huang Yi explained "support therapy" meaning that foreign study found, cancer treatment and survival rates increased in recent years in support of therapy to play a key role, contribution per cent 20. Because of antibiotics, pain medicine, was the proper use of growth hormone in support of therapy, significantly reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, thereby greatly enhance the wishes of patients receiving treatment. 

Huang Yi, said the physical pain of cancer patients first, if not lifted, then allowing them to face the side effects of cancer treatment, and then add pain pain; if the use of supportive therapy to ease the patients the side effects of cancer treatment, the absolute follow-up treatment will increase the willingness but an extension of life expectancy, patients have to wait for a better drug or treatment opportunities. 

In addition to ease the physical pain, psychological support therapy have meaning, "patients will, painting, music or cancer hospice late spiritual level are supportive therapy," Huang Yi, for example, patients will experience sharing and support cancer patients understand the disease, an important source of support, and painting and music is a kind of spiritual methods of treatment abroad for years. The prognosis of patients quality of life and productivity, are also included in "effect of cancer treatment," one of the assessment of the project, Huang Yi, said that as long as the patient help, "any good, positive support for therapy, can be encouraged."

Early intake of vitamin D can reduce the incidence of breast cancer

Vitamin D with the relationship between breast cancer incidence has not yet a very good conclusion, Toronto, Canada, Mount Sinai Hospital Dr. Blackmore's study found that if vitamin intake during adolescence, when D, often with the sun or eat more vitamin D food can reduce the incidence of breast cancer. 

Research is a 759 breast cancer patients and 1135 healthy women to do the control group, by telephone interviews and analyzed their diet, vitamin D added that the sun and the extent of the relationship with breast cancer. He put these cases are divided into 10-year-old to 19 years old, 20-29 years and 45-54 years old, such as three groups of different age groups to explore. In 759 breast cancer patients, with hormone receptor to be divided into three groups: ER + / PR + 450 (59%); ER + / PR-110 (14%); ER-/PR- there are 199 (26%), etc. The results showed that the amount of intake of vitamin D and breast cancer hormone receptor different groups did not have any relevant, but found 10-year-old to 19-year-old intake of cod liver oil for ER + / PR + breast cancer can be reduced 24%, ER + / PR-and ER-/PR- is also able to reduce 21% ~ 26%. 

Blackmore also stressed in the previous medical report points out that taking cod liver oil and breast cancer, there is no correlation between the occurrence may be noted that did not really start taking cod liver oil age. Therefore, according to Blackmore study concluded that vitamin D from a young age on the incidence of breast cancer is influential.

Liver puncture examination may lead to the proliferation of liver tumor

This is a big problem controversy, liver tumor biopsy to be done either in the end, because it was suspected in the biopsy, the cancer may spread with the pinhole. 

Recently, University Hospital Birmingham Mirza physicians in addition to their own studies, and reference documents published so far, including seven retrospective and a forward-looking study, a total of 1340 cases collected for the study found that patients If the patients of liver cancer caused by liver biopsy to accept the proliferation of 2.7 percent, the annual incidence of 0.9 percent, in his analysis of the literature, liver cancer undergo invasive inspection caused the proliferation of liver cancer in accordance with the literature and different, which is about 4 percent, about 1.3 percent each year around. But he also pointed out that even if there is no impact on the spread of a patient's survival, because they can be removed or partially processed. 

We frequently encountered in clinical practice refused to accept the lymph node biopsy or liver, lung puncture examination of view, but the liver tumor may be the primary liver cell itself, but also may be caused by the gastrointestinal tract, transferred from the lungs, causes may be dozens above, due to different pathological affect treatment, it can not be solely with the CT or PET found that patients given mass, we found that the tumor or in a variety of methods can be used to do when pathological confirmation organizations to determine the diagnosis in order to further treatment.

For leukemia patients given sterile meal on the prevention of infection and did not help

Leukemia patients after chemotherapy, the total number of white blood cells are often reduced to the following 1000, the resistance of bacteria in neutral almost all do not see the ball, time is likely to remain as long as two weeks to a month, this period of time can easily cause bacteria or fungal infections, there are generally given sterile meal, of course, is not sterile meal taste good, but in order to prevent from the gastrointestinal tract caused by infection, so patients can expect patience. 

Recently, the United States Medical Center in Seattle, WA Dr. Estey made on whether sterile meal can help leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy to reduce the infection studies. He will be 153 acute myelogenous leukemia or high-risk group of patients with bone marrow insufficiency by chemical treatment, these patients will be placed on sterile indoor and randomly divided into two groups, a group of raw fruits and vegetables to give the other group is give cooked, disinfection before, but also with anti-bacterial, fungal infection of antibiotics as prevention, these two sets of age, chemical treatment of the conditions are the same found that uncooked fruits and vegetables in this group, 29% of the patients was suffering from infection, students in this group there are 35%, the difference between these two groups did not statistically significant; As for symptoms of fever caused by the former is 51 percent, which is 36 percent, instead of eating raw fruits and vegetables fever relatively small, but these two groups for the therapeutic effect of reaction is 56 percent, respectively, with 61 percent, there is no different. 

Although the study pointed out to eat, whether raw or cooked food have nothing, but in general leukemia after chemotherapy, even if very low white blood cell or non-use of anti-fungal, antibiotics to prevent, because so far there is no strong evidence that the use of these drugs can reduce the incidence of infection, the patient does not have to live in sterile rooms, clean wards can, so in this case, as far as possible to allow patients to eat meals disinfection, because high doses of chemicals can easily cause oral with the gastrointestinal mucosa is damaged, bacteria easily by the gastrointestinal tract into the blood caused by systemic infection, so eat meals with sterile anti-bacterial, fungal drugs should be able to reduce the incidence of infection.

HIV infections will increase the risk of cancer

According to a recent report of the Department of Health, Taiwan's HIV carriers have been more than 16,000 people, the Government had to spend two billion yuan to help these patients to buy drugs, although in recent years have been anti-retroviral therapy to prolong life, most recently The study found HIV-infected people, even in clinical AIDS did not happen, but it will increase the risk of cancer. 

This is Kirk of the United States Johns Hopkins study put forward by the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-infected persons will increase the risk of cancer, because the majority of these patients are smokers, those with B, C hepatitis also human papillomavirus virus infection and so on, will increase in the incidence of cancer, which is due to HIV infection and immune deficiency conditions together with other cancer more easily. Studies have pointed out that even if there is no smoking young HIV carriers will also increase the incidence of lung cancer, and is 3-4 times higher than the high incidence, mortality also increased 50%.

Hypoglycemic pharmaceutical can reduce the incidence of prostate cancer

Epidemiological investigations have found that diabetic patients suffering from the relatively low rate of prostate cancer may be taking with the hypoglycemic drugs. Finland Murtola recent research report by a doctor from 1995 to 2002 collected 24,723 cases of diabetes, prostate cancer and did not win first prize is divided into two groups of prostate cancer to compare, the average age is 68 years old, was found taking oral hypoglycemic agents get prostate cancer accounted for 7.5 percent of men have been suffering from prostate cancer using hypoglycemic agents is 8.4%, while the use of insulin to be prostate cancer is 2.5%, control group was 3.0%. According to these statistics, the use of these hypoglycemic agents can reduce 16 percent of prostate cancer from happening, of course, these drugs, including metformin, sulfonylureas or insulin, why take hypoglycemic agents and insulin injections can reduce prostate the incidence of cancer is not yet very clear, because in the past that the risk of diabetes patients with colorectal cancer and so on, but taking hypoglycemic drugs but can reduce the incidence of prostate cancer should be with medication, it is also a need for further study.

Check the KRAS gene has become the treatment of colorectal cancer approach

Due to advances in molecular biology, found that the number of liver gene mutation or DNA changes occurred pleomorphic will cause different reactions to the drugs and side effects of the increase or reduction, such as lung epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) who have a mutation to target drugs such as Iressa or Tarceva have better efficacy, but the wild-type (EGFR wild type) although the effect has not mutated, but there is still a certain degree of efficacy, so the wild-type group also can not refuse their treatment. But since 2006 found that the availability of colorectal cancer patients with KRAS mutation target for drug treatment is effective, there is the clinical phase of clearance. 

EGFR inhibitors in the cetuximab or panitimumab, KRAS mutation alone or with treatment greatly affected. That is generated when the EGFR mutation, the use of these two drugs target the treatment is not curative, that is, whether the combined chemotherapy cetuximab its clinical efficacy did not make much difference. Therefore, in the United States and Taiwan also began to study the use of EGFR inhibitors, colorectal cancer is best to first check whether the KRAS gene mutation, if mutation is recommended not to use cetuximab. This KRAS mutations account for almost 30 ~ 40% more than the prior inspection KRAS gene mutation in patients who have no need to use these therapeutic target not only can reduce the occurrence of side effects can also reduce unnecessary costs, because the cost of expensive drug target , for the people, society and the country is a great burden.

Vitamin C, E or β carotene supplements and can not prevent cancer

Vitamin E has been reported that may be able to prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer, taking β-carotene might increase the chances of lung cancer, which may be tracked after finishing the treatment or the number of cases caused by too little error. 

Recently, Harvard University Dr. Lin has made a systematic, forward-looking research, is to make 7627 the women were divided into two groups, a group of 500mg daily doses of vitamin C or eat once every two days to add vitamin E 600IU, there is every two days to eat a β-carotene 50mg, after 9.4 years of follow-up to analyze the risk factor of these people and found that taking vitamin C in this group, the risk coefficient is 1.11, vitamin E is 0.93, β-carotene was 1.00, with no rules taking the control group did not statistically different. The three antioxidants, even if the use of the three antioxidants combined the EC is also no statistical differences in this 9.4-year follow-up there are 624 women get cancer, of which 176 died, the cancer and mortality there is no statistical significance. 

This research data with previous studies do not quite the same, but its follow-up study time is not long enough and is not confined to women, so this result, after extensive research still need to include men and women and may be a long time tracking have different results.

Australian research alcoholic mouthwash have cancer risk

Mouthwash you use it every day? According to the University of Melbourne associate professor of oral medicine McGraw in the published in the "Australian Dental Journal of Medicine," the report pointed out that their assessment of a number of studies, "there is sufficient evidence to show that" the use of alcohol in mouthwash may increase the risk of oral cancer risk . 

The report notes that water alcoholic mouthwash carcinogens ethanol will more easily penetrate oral tissue, resulting in injury, alcohol by-product acetaldehyde is believed to have carcinogenic and may be in the mouthwash in the mouth when the hoarding. 

Researchers said the purchase should be more restrictions 

McGraw said, "the majority of alcohol in mouthwash up to 26 percent, is twice the alcohol content of wine," and these products are recommended to use more than once a day. He also picked the current can be bought in supermarkets mouthwash worry that it should be classified as a doctor's prescription required in order to purchase, product packaging should be added to the health warnings. If the doctors to recommend patients use alcoholic mouthwash, it should be a short-term use. 

However, there are other Australian Dental experts criticized the report was too hasty to do a definitive study at this stage there is no fully proved that the use of mouthwash will lead to oral cancer; domestic many physicians believe that papers should not be concluded as a single conclusion. 

Doctors said the daily use of alcohol as 

However, the Department of Health Oral Medicine Committee chairman, and honorary professor at National Taiwan University, Liang-Jiunn Hahn pointed out that many years ago he would launch a similar concept, I hope there is a need to use mouthwash groups, with non-alcoholic components of products. 

Liang-Jiunn Hahn said that according to Professor Ying-Chin Ko study, alcoholics have been the risk of oral cancer is not smoke, does not drink, eat nuts are ten times, we can see the alcohol is very clear oral cancer risk factors. If the daily use of alcoholic content containing mouthwash, it is not like alcohol? 

Liang-Jiunn Hahn said, including alcohol, tobacco and betel nuts, leading to oral cancer is "a partial role", oral mucosa directly affected by the impact of these risk factors. Moreover, those who drink a lot of it is on an irrigation continues, mouthwash alcohol remain in the mouth when the time, and sometimes longer. 

Tri-Service General Hospital oral surgery Dr. Qing Zhang Yan pointed out that if the brush bristles clean enough, we simply will not use mouthwash. Need to use mouthwash is a majority of patients with periodontal disease, or accept, such as oral surgery patients, these people as long as the physician's instructions, in a specified period of time to use mouthwash, there would be no problem. 

As most people want to use mouthwash in the end? Dental Department of National Taiwan University Hospital Dr. Chan's view that varies from person to person, some people may have issues such as saliva secretion, brushing alone can not maintain oral hygiene, or serious tooth decay, severe periodontal disease, or may rely on a number of rinse saliva. Mouthwash are known for long-term use the biggest problem may lie in stained teeth. 

Department of Health: Mouthwash for medicines 

This research, a mouthwash that industry, but also for the Australian Journal for understanding, can not make a clear response, but is considered preliminary and alcohol concentration, as well as major components of the difference, the Taiwan market, the majority of mouthwash contain alcohol, which they produce non-alcoholic mouthwash for implant patients, child care designed for alcoholic mouthwash, its alcohol content of 4 percent. 

Health Department Deputy Director of Drug Administration LIU Li-ling said that mouthwash is a medicine in China is basically finished rinse the mouth after will can be regarded as a relatively safe, the international community nor the state will mouthwash as a prescription drug to control or require warning label, However, the department will take the initiative to collect relevant information.

BK virus may have prostate cancer played a very important role

Now there are many viruses found with cancer-related, such as hepatitis B with the hepatitis C virus with liver cancer-related, EB virus with lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and human papillomavirus with cervical cancer or head and neck cancer. The University of Rome Italy Pietropaolo doctors found the incidence of prostate cancer may be related with the BK virus, he detected 26 patients with blood, urine, fresh prostate cancer tissue samples, but also detected a large tumor BK virus antigen (TAg) and the tumor suppressor gene p53 in tumor cells, BK virus DNA sequence in the urine samples in 54 percent accounted for, in the blood accounted for 31% of prostate cancer specimens in fresh high up to 85%, it is interesting that these prostate cancer with p53 mutations, p53 is a cancer suppressor gene. BK virus, they found a large tumor antigen in the presence of cancer cells, p53 exists in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, if TAg-negative tumors, p53 in the cell nucleus, the speculation TAg cytoplasm in cancer cells so that p53 is not activated, leading to cancer disease, and this is a very interesting finding, but the BK virus in prostate cancer incidence is playing a major role or a supporting role, it also requires long-term research in order to make conclusions.

ACE inhibitors can protect cancer patients with diabetes and gastric ulcer

This is the University of Vermont by the British physician Littenberg out by a research report that his 1003 study taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in diabetic patients, found that ACE inhibitors have been taking the opportunity of cancer is 10 percent, no It is taking 15 percent, in other words taking ACE inhibitors, 59% of patients can reduce the incidence of cancer, and why the use of ACE inhibitors can reduce the cancer happen? Studies have shown that ACE inhibitors captopril in vitro experiments found that some cancer cells can inhibit the growth, including breast cancer cells and so on; also found that taking ACE inhibitors can also reduce the incidence of gastric ulcer, taking ACE inhibitors, there will be only 12% of gastric ulcer without taking about 16%, meaning that 30 percent can reduce the incidence of gastric ulcer, although statistically the range of meaningful and meaningless just between. However Littenberg physicians also believe that his research may be too little time, the number of patients may also be enough, and ACE inhibitors do not know how long to take to reduce the incidence of cancer and ulcers, which are also needed large-scale prospective study in order to do so drawn.

Cancer stem cells, new therapies tailored edition

And a major breakthrough in cancer treatment! Rong-Yang team successfully separated a cause of oral cancer, head and neck cancer, brain tumors, lung cancer cell proliferation and recurrence of the root causes of the "cancer stem cells", now also have found cancer stem cells can inhibit the specific gene or protein, the future can provide new drugs development and drug screening platform, to provide tailored medical plans. 

According to this new medical theory, Rong-Yang team after several years of efforts to study, since the success of oral cancer, head and neck cancer, brain tumors, and lung carcinoma patients isolated "cancer stem cells." After animal tests, a small number of cancer stem cells can form tumors in animals, the ability to generate far more than other non-"cancer stem cells" of the cancer cells, with a high degree of radiation resistance. 

Experimental process, the research team will be 1000 of cancer stem cells injected into the mice, it was soon to become the tumor, usually a general tumor cells, at least 100,000 more than can be carcinogenic, and now and then inhibit a specific protein drug fight into mice, tumor that is clearly beginning to fade. 

Taipei Veterans General Hospital stem cell room physician QIU Shi-hua pointed out that the traditional cancer treatment is surgical resection after radiation and chemical treatment to curb the growth of cancer cells, thereby triggering apoptosis. But a high degree of malignancy, after chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the still survive, leading to future recurrence of cancer cells, while the study found that "cancer stem cells" is caused by cancer patients the key to tumor recurrence.

This research was published in May this year, internationally renowned medical research journal PLoS ONE (Public Library), and in July will be published in Clinical Cancer Research (Clinical Cancer Research) and PLoS ONE (Public Library). 

QIU Shi-hua said that the use of "cancer stem cells" will show a large number of anti-protein and high-volume decline of embryonic stem cell characteristics of regulatory proteins can inhibit them from chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance to new drug R & D, this new research results, will be able to significantly enhance the treatment of cancer patients and the more situations.

Image-guided radiation therapy technology

Image Guided Radiation Therapy, referred to as IGRT, is the combination of image guidance system, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, and electronic imaging system to verify the treatment in order to reduce the treatment programs have differences. In radiation therapy even if there is a good fixation device, able to combine comfort and maintain the consistency of the location of daily treatment, but patients receiving radiation therapy, there may be a result of weight loss or change in tumor volume, resulting in the original positioning of radiation therapy deviation of the treatment position, thus leading to tumor radiotherapy dose error. The IGRT can reduce this error, to further ensure accurate dose to cover the treatment of tumors in the range and reduce normal tissue damage and improve outcome of the treatment.

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy, referred to as IMRT,Principle and the same as traditional radiation therapy is an extension of three-dimensional treatment and progress, the principle is the combination of computed tomography images, clear tumor location and adjacent normal cells location, in a complex computer program, such as linear accelerator systems and auxiliary equipment may be different and adjustable intensity of the radiation beam, according to some of the parameters given by a doctor and each treatment dose of the desired region, selective irradiation of tumor adjacent lymph nodes and the surrounding region on normal tissues. Therefore, the intensity-modulated radiation therapy technology, not only enables a higher concentration of radiation dose in the tumor, thereby enhancing tumor cure rate, and reduce or exempt from the normal cells around the tumor by radiation exposure, they are upgrading the more after cancer patients quality of life. But its disadvantage is that the direction of a restricted beam, if patients have to move or change the location of breathing, it will affect the correct treatment position; and also because a single treatment time is short, so still need multiple exposures to carry out a few weeks .

Heavy particle therapy is still the pilot phase of the human body

Following the Hon Hai Group Chairman Terry Gou contributions to the National Taiwan University, 15 billion yuan to help build cancer treatment center and a proton center, Evergreen Group Chairman Chang Yung-fa, also announced a few days ago will provide 200 million U.S. dollars, the introduction of Japan's heavy particle radiation in medical technology, the benefit of more cancer patients. 
Heavy particle radiotherapy for that? At present, radiation therapy with the use of X-ray What is the difference? Heavy particle radiation therapy requires entities charged particles (such as carbon, helium elements) into the accelerator, the by accelerated carbon elements or helium to the tumor cells, the annihilation of cancer cells, like depth charges, in the deep seabed Department blasting, to kill a target, but although less traveled path traces left, they are inevitably burst Department also suffered some normal tissue affected. 
Try for the skull base and soft tissue tumors 
Although the heavy particle radiation therapy has been the development of more than 12 years of history, but so far only two countries, Japan and Germany have more cases, but the number of subjects less than 3,000 people ill in Japan since 1994, the use of the therapy, but so far treated more than 2,000 patients; Germany has only 300 patients, mainly directed against the skull base and soft tissue tumors of patients, and conventional radiation therapy to be ineffective when applicable. 
Japan and Germany as a result of the data provided by the use of tumor in the body still inadequate, so the previous Journal of Clinical Oncology published an article pointed out that the treatment of heavy particles are still human experimental stage, to enter into clinical use is still a long way to go. Mainly due to the treatment of heavy particles with a high biological effect (RBE) features, even if it is to kill cancer cells months, and tumor-phase (or within) the normal tissue will be harmed. But also because it has this feature, coupled with the cost, so 10 over the past few years have not been able to have a good break, so non-current mainstream of Radiation Oncology.

Characteristics of the effectiveness of radiation therapy at stake 
In fact, the world did not tumor radiation therapy, and only can not afford normal tissue radiation injury, 
Normal tissue damage is radiation therapy inherent limitations. 
To improve the existing radiation therapy (X-ray) effects may be by two ways: First, physical characteristics, one biological characteristics; physical characteristics is the beam (X-ray) the scope of penetration, and some way to radiation show, some only in the target area to reach the highest dose injection, to wipe out the cancerous cells, the tumor with no or only a small number of rear radiation dose residual avoid harm normal tissues, simply put, is to fire on the tumor cells will be injured to other normal cells less likely. 
As for biological characteristics and radiotherapy unit is the distance of energy intensity. For example, children playing 100 fist hit by the strength of the fist will not lethal, but those forces will be set by the adults and hit a solid will be fatal; children hit boxing like X-ray or proton radiation therapy, exposure to the energy than the loose, and the adults like a boxing heavy particle therapy, a more intensive dose injection, relative to the destructive as well. Simply put, the treatment of heavy particles that can be punched interrupted two of DNA cells, resulting in cell death. 
Fear of hurting too heavy hand of normal cells 
Perhaps we might ask: Using heavy blow on the annihilation of the cancerous cells, so that it never stand up, not very good? Yes, the ideal state should be so, but do not think that a cancer is not normal cells, if even the good cells along with the killing, and that the original tumor cells in patients with organization will never recover. 
To oral cancer as an example, if a person has left the mouth of tumor cells to radiation therapy is currently available to maintain the integrity of the left side of the mouth; if treatment because of heavy particles are killing even the normal tissue, so the left side of the mouth may not be able to form healing wounds, the impact of the functional appearance. 
Radiation therapy to cancer mainly of local governance 
In other words, the existing radiation therapy, treatment can be divided into several times (such as 30-40 times), so that restoration of normal tissue strong force could be restored, resulting in the difference with cancer. Instead heavy particles does not have this characteristic, this is also the medical profession are still doubts about its effect on the result. 
Another most important thing is that the existing radiation therapy is not a cure-all, there are restrictions on their treatment, not all cancers are applicable, but we must all adopt a perception that the radiation therapy only for local cancer feasible, the terminal cancer Radical disease is also at a loss.