5 pathogenic factors of malignant lymphoma

Malignant lymphoma, immune cells in the tumor, lymph nodes and extranodal sites lymphoid tissues derived from lymphocytes or malignant tissue. Of malignant lymphoma is relatively rare, but in recent years, new cases increased year by year, at least over 25 thousand cases per year, while in Europe, the Americas and Australia and other Western countries, the incidence may be as high as 11/10 to 18/100 000, slightly higher than the sum of the various types of leukemia.

Malignant lymphoma risk factor:

(1) physical cause (radiation)

The incidence of lymphoma is not only related with the absorption of the radiation dose with age affected by radiation, radiation population under 25 years of age, the incidence of lymphoma than other populations. Medical radiation on the pathogenesis of human tumors affect more and more attention, especially in the high-dose radiation role in promoting human lymphoma.

(2) chemical etiology

Types of chemical carcinogens, alkylating agents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, aromatic amines, and the incidence of malignant lymphoma certain. The chemical drugs caused the occurrence of malignant lymphoma is not rare, such as cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, melphalan caused malignant lymphoma have been reported. Malignant lymphoma of the rural population in agricultural production, with the application of pesticides and fertilizers, morbidity and mortality rates continue to increase.

(3) immune factors

The malignant lymphoma malignancies of the immune system, immune deficiency is an important cause of malignant lymphoma. Under normal circumstances, the body's immune system has the functions of immune surveillance, mutated or cancerous cells in vivo can play the role of removals. Immunocompromised patients susceptible to opportunistic infections, especially viral infections.

(4) genetic factors

Genetic factors associated with the etiology of malignant lymphoma reported in many aspects, sometimes seen significant familial aggregation, such as brothers and sisters can be successively or simultaneously suffering from malignant lymphoma.

(5) viral etiology

The virus is an important direction of research in cancer etiology. Current research situation in close relationship with malignant lymphoma virus EB virus, human T-lymphotropic virus viral human tropism B lymphocytes.

The human lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is the body's defense system, it is closely related to the cardiovascular system. The lymphatic system can be manufactured white blood cells and antibodies, the pathogen was filtered off, and also has an important role in the in vivo distribution for liquid and nutrient.

Like over the body's blood circulatory system, the lymphatic system is a mesh of liquid systems. The flow of lymph in the lymphatic system, turns from plasma, but plasma cleared, more water, penetrated the organization from the capillary wall space.

The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ, the spleen can filter the blood to remove aging red blood cells, usually as a blood bank reserve excess blood.

Many pipeline lymphatic system and lymph nodes, lymphatic capillaries throughout the body, to collect the excess liquid, enter two total catheter: a trunk thoracic duct of the lymphatic system, and the spine parallel to each other, leading to the left near the heart of a large vein; another a right lymphatic duct, leading to the right of the vein.

The lymphatic system is not like the heart as the pump pressure to send the lymph. New tissue fluid flowing into the liquid in the gaps between cells to squeeze into the lymphatic. Artery and muscle constrictor lymph forward pressure is applied. Respiration cause negative pressure within the thoracic duct, the lymph upward flow back into the blood.

One was injured tissue swelling, and rely on the lymphatic system to eliminate the accumulation of liquid restore normal liquid loop.

Along the lymphatic capillaries have over 100 lymph nodes or lymph glands, body and neck, groin and armpits, especially intensive. Each lymph node, there are a series of fiber valve, lymph from the stream, filter out microorganisms and toxins, and to be abolished, in order to prevent the spread of infection.

When the virus invades the human body to infection, lymph node enlargement pain. Touched two lumps under the chin like a sore throat, lymph node that is. Lymph node mass will naturally reduce inflammation disappeared.

What is Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. Cancer cells in the lymph nodes, but may also spread to the tonsils, spleen, thymus or bone marrow. Occasionally also may spread to organs outside the lymphatic system. The most common lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, followed by Hodgkin's lymphoma. The two lymphoma symptoms (probably similar), but treatment (direction) is completely different. The initial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the rule of the more late example, third or fourth chance of cure (lower). However, the symptoms and treatment of both lymphoma is completely different. The initial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is usually Metallurgical more but late example, third or fourth, chance of cure low point.

Symptom

The common symptoms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma include swollen lymph nodes Zhang mass in the neck or other body part. The patient may also experience the "B symptoms such as fever, night sweats or fatigue. Causes (lymphoma) has not yet been clear, but there are few incentives. (A family of organ transplant patients or AIDS patients are at high risk, due to reduced immune system through the hair lymphadenopathy). In addition a more acute lymphoma called Burkitt's lymphoma is related with virus such as Ai parked Stein's virus (Epstein Barr virus). Contact with chemicals and increasing age also increases the risk of (lymphoma).

The common symptoms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma appears in the lymph node swelling Zhang mass in the neck or other parts of the body. The patient may also experience the "B symptoms such as fever, night sweats or fatigue. Genesis has not yet clear, but there are few incentives. The immune system to reduce organ transplant patients or AIDS patients are high-risk group. In addition a more acute lymphoma called Burkitt's lymphoma is associated with viruses such as Epstein virus. Also increases the risk of contact with chemicals and increasing age.

Diagnosis

If suspected of suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and doctors need to extract the lymph nodes or organs of living tissue for examination to distinguish cell morphology (microscopy analysis, such as B-cell or T-cell type can be distinguished; longer wear aggregate cell fine and chromosomes, can determine the type of Hodgkin's lymphoma). (Computer scanned image can be detected by the neck to the basin-proliferation and tumor size). Positron Emission Tomography is another whole body scan (sex). The injection of a small amount of radioactive substances to the cancer cells absorb. Cancer will be presented in the scanned image as light or heat. Or positron computer hybrid scan showed high metabolic image. (Another check) bone marrow live cell assay to determine the cancer has not spread to the bone marrow.

If suspected of suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and need to extract the lymph nodes or organs of living tissue for examination to distinguish: B cells or T cells, microscopic morphology, cell large fine and chromosomes. The scanned image of the neck to the pelvis can detect the size of the spread of cancer cells. Positron Emission Tomography another body scan. The injection of a small amount of radioactive substances to the cancer cells absorb. Cancer will be presented in the scanned image as light or heat. Or positron computer hybrid scan showed high metabolic image. Then will do a check to determine the cancer has not spread to the bone marrow bone marrow living cells.

Treatment

If it is a chronic lymphoma, patients can survive for many years without cure cases. If there are symptoms, the available oral chemical cure and fewer side effects. (Late) lymphoma is not the rule of the more, the patient may produce other symptoms such as infection or bleeding due to destruction of bone marrow function. Lymphoma cure or height injecting chemical cure. Injection of chemical cure will be mixed with antibody therapy to target cancer cells. (In some cases also filial piety into account the chemical cure the radiation cure) to reduce the opportunity of restoring the laws. (Such as patient relapse of second-line chemotherapy response), the patient should receive stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplant healthy stem cells transplanted into already receiving high-dose chemotherapy for lymphoma patients. Their bone marrow will be reborn. This intense treatment program has already started is confirmed to effectively control the disease and increase survival rates, but also a lot of side effects